2-aminopyrimidine modulators of the histamine h4 receptor

ABSTRACT

2-Aminopyrimidine compounds are described, which are useful as H 4  receptor modulators. Such compounds may be used in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by H 4  receptor activity, such as allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and pruritis.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/043,391, filed Mar. 8, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/070,051, filed Feb. 14, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,923,451, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/889,798, filed on Feb. 14, 2007, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to certain 2-aminopyrimidine compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of making them, and methods of using them for the modulation of the histamine H₄ receptor and for the treatment of disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by histamine H₄ receptor activity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The histamine H₄ receptor (H₄R) is the most recently identified receptor for histamine (for reviews, see: Fung-Leung, W.-P., et al., Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 2004, 5(11), 1174-1183; de Esch, I. J. P., et al., Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2005, 26(9), 462-469; Zhang, M. et al. Pharmacol. Ther. 2007, 113, 594-606; Thurmond, R. L. et al. Nat. Rev. Drug Disc. 2008, 7, 41-53; Zhang, M. et al. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 2006, 15(11), 1443-1452). The receptor is found in the bone marrow and spleen and is expressed on eosinophils, basophils, mast cells (Liu, C., et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 2001, 59(3), 420-426; Morse, K. L., et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2001, 296(3), 1058-1066; Hofstra, C. L., et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003, 305(3), 1212-1221; Lippert, U., et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 2004, 123(1), 116-123; Voehringer, D., et al., Immunity 2004, 20(3), 267-277), CD8⁺ T cells (Gantner, F., et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2002, 303(1), 300-307), dendritic cells, and human synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients (Ikawa, Y., et al., Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005, 28(10), 2016-2018). However, expression in neutrophils and monocytes is less well defined (Ling, P., et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 2004, 142(1), 161-171). Receptor expression is at least in part controlled by various inflammatory stimuli (Coge, F., et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 284(2), 301-309; Morse, et al., 2001), thus supporting that H₄ receptor activation influences inflammatory responses. Because of its preferential expression on immunocompetent cells, the H₄ receptor is closely related with the regulatory functions of histamine during the immune response.

A biological activity of histamine in the context of immunology and autoimmune diseases is closely related with the allergic response and its deleterious effects, such as inflammation. Events that elicit the inflammatory response include physical stimulation (including trauma), chemical stimulation, infection, and invasion by a foreign body. The inflammatory response is characterized by pain, increased temperature, redness, swelling, reduced function, or a combination of these.

Mast cell degranulation (exocytosis) releases histamine and leads to an inflammatory response that may be initially characterized by a histamine-modulated wheal and flare reaction. A wide variety of immunological stimuli (e.g., allergens or antibodies) and non-immunological (e.g., chemical) stimuli may cause the activation, recruitment, and de-granulation of mast cells. Mast cell activation initiates allergic inflammatory responses, which in turn cause the recruitment of other effector cells that further contribute to the inflammatory response. It has been shown that histamine induces chemotaxis of mouse mast cells (Hofstra, et al., 2003). Chemotaxis does not occur using mast cells derived from H₄ receptor knockout mice. Furthermore, the response is blocked by an H₄-specific antagonist, but not by H₁, H₂ or H₃ receptor antagonists (Hofstra, et al., 2003; Thurmond, R. L., et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2004, 309(1), 404-413). The in vivo migration of mast cells to histamine has also been investigated and shown to be H₄ receptor dependent (Thurmond, et al., 2004). The migration of mast cells may play a role in allergic rhinitis and allergy where increases in mast cell number are found (Kirby, J. G., et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987, 136(2), 379-383; Crimi, E., et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991, 144(6), 1282-1286; Amin, K., et al., Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 2000, 162(6), 2295-2301; Gauvreau, G. M., et al., Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 2000, 161(5), 1473-1478; Kassel, O., et al., Clin. Exp. Allergy 2001, 31(9), 1432-1440). In addition, it is known that in response to allergens there is a redistribution of mast cells to the epithelial lining of the nasal mucosa (Fokkens, W. J., et al., Clin. Exp. Allergy 1992, 22(7), 701-710; Slater, A., et al., J. Laryngol. Otol. 1996, 110, 929-933). These results show that the chemotactic response of mast cells to histamine is mediated by histamine H₄ receptors.

It has been shown that eosinophils can chemotax towards histamine (O'Reilly, M., et al., J. Recept. Signal Transduction 2002, 22(1-4), 431-448; Buckland, K. F., et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 2003, 140(6), 1117-1127; Ling et al., 2004). Using H₄ selective ligands, it has been shown that histamine-induced chemotaxis of eosinophils is mediated through the H₄ receptor (Buckland, et al., 2003; Ling et al., 2004). Cell surface expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD54 (ICAM-1) on eosinophils increases after histamine treatment (Ling, et al., 2004). This increase is blocked by H₄ receptor antagonists but not by H₁, H₂, or H₃ receptor antagonists.

The H₄R also plays a role in dendritic cells and T cells. In human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, H₄R stimulation suppresses IL-12p70 production and drives histamine-mediated chemotaxis (Gutzmer, R., et al., J. Immunol. 2005, 174(9), 5224-5232). A role for the H₄ receptor in CD8⁺ T cells has also been reported. Gantner, et al., (2002) showed that both H₄ and H₂ receptors control histamine-induced IL-16 release from human CD8⁺ T cells. IL-16 is found in the bronchoalveolar fluid of allergen- or histamine-challenged asthmatics (Mashikian, V. M., et al., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1998, 101 (6, Part 1), 786-792; Krug, N., et al., Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 2000, 162(1), 105-111) and is considered important in CD4⁺ cell migration. The activity of the receptor in these cell types indicates an important role in adaptive immune responses such as those active in autoimmune diseases.

In vivo H₄ receptor antagonists were able to block neutrophillia in zymosan-induced peritonitis or pleurisy models (Takeshita, K., et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003, 307(3), 1072-1078; Thurmond, et al., 2004). In addition, H₄ receptor antagonists have activity in a widely used and well-characterized model of colitis (Varga, C., et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2005, 522(1-3), 130-138). These results support the conclusion that H₄ receptor antagonists have the capacity to be anti-inflammatory in vivo.

Another physiological role of histamine is as a mediator of itch and H₁ receptor antagonists are not completely effective in the clinic. Recently, the H₄ receptor has also been implicated in histamine-induced scratching in mice (Bell, J. K., et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 2004, 142(2), 374-380). The effects of histamine could be blocked by H₄ antagonists. These results support the hypothesis that the H₄ receptor is involved in histamine-induced itch and that H₄ receptor antagonists will therefore have positive effects in treating pruritis. Histamine H₄ receptor antagonists have been shown to attenuate experimental pruritis (Dunford, P. J. et al. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2007, 119(1), 176-183).

Modulation of H₄ receptors controls the release of inflammatory mediators and inhibits leukocyte recruitment, thus providing the ability to prevent and/or treat H₄-mediated diseases and conditions, including the deleterious effects of allergic responses such as inflammation. Compounds according to the present invention have H₄ receptor modulating properties. Compounds according to the present invention have leukocyte recruitment inhibiting properties. Compounds according to the present invention have anti-inflammatory properties.

Examples of textbooks on the subject of inflammation include: 1) Gallin, J. I.; Snyderman, R., Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates, 3rd ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, 1999; 2) Stvrtinova, V., et al., Inflammation and Fever. Pathophysiology Principles of Diseases (Textbook for Medical Students); Academic Press: New York, 1995; 3) Cecil; et al. Textbook Of Medicine, 18th ed.; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988; and 4) Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Background and review material on inflammation and conditions related with inflammation can be found in articles such as the following: Nathan, C., Nature 2002, 420(6917), 846-852; Tracey, K. J., Nature 2002, 420(6917), 853-859; Coussens, L. M., et al., Nature 2002, 420(6917), 860-867; Libby, P., Nature 2002, 420, 868-874; Benoist, C., et al., Nature 2002, 420(6917), 875-878; Weiner, H. L., et al., Nature 2002, 420(6917), 879-884; Cohen, J., Nature 2002, 420(6917), 885-891; Steinberg, D., Nature Med. 2002, 8(11), 1211-1217.

Thus, small-molecule histamine H₄ receptor modulators according to this invention control the release of inflammatory mediators and inhibit leukocyte recruitment, and may be useful in treating inflammation of various etiologies, including the following conditions and diseases: inflammatory disorders, allergic disorders, dermatological disorders, autoimmune disease, lymphatic disorders, pruritis, and immunodeficiency disorders. Diseases, disorders and medical conditions that are mediated by histamine H₄ receptor activity include those referred to herein.

Certain cyclic amine-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines are disclosed in the following publications: Becker, I. J. Het. Chem. 2005, 42(7), 1289-1295; Eur. Pat. Appl. No. EP 1437348 (Jul. 14, 2004); U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,801 (Sep. 23, 1975); Lespagnol, A. et al. Chim. Therap. 1971, 6(2), 105-108; Willecomme, B. Annales de Chimie 1969, 4(6), 405-428; Lespagnol, A. et al. Chim. Therap. 1965, 1, 26-31; Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. WO 2001/62233 (Aug. 30, 2007); and Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. WO 2001/47921 (Jul. 5, 2001).

Certain substituted 2-aminopyrimidines as histamine H₄ antagonists are disclosed in Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. WO2005/054239 (Jun. 16, 2005) and EP 1505064 (Feb. 9, 2005; equivalent of Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. WO2005/014556). Substituted pyrimidines are described as histamine H₄ ligands in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 2007/0185075 (Aug. 9, 2007) and Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. WO2007/031529 (Mar. 22, 2007). Benzofuro- and benzothienopyrimidines are disclosed as histamine H₄ modulators in Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. WO2008/008359 (Jan. 17, 2008). Additional disclosures of amino pyrimidines as histamine H₄ ligands include: Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. WO2007/090852, WO2007/090853, and WO2007/090854 (Aug. 16, 2007), and EP 1767537 (Mar. 28, 2007).

However, there remains a need for potent histamine H₄ receptor modulators with desirable pharmaceutical properties. Certain 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives have been found in the context of this invention to have histamine H₄ receptor-modulating activity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect the invention relates to chemical entity selected from compounds of the following Formula (I):

wherein

-   R¹ is:     -   a) a C₁₋₆alkyl group, optionally substituted with —OH,         —OC₁₋₄alkyl, —CF₃, or —O— (monocyclic cycloalkyl);     -   b) a benzyl, CH₂— (monocyclic heteroaryl), or phenethyl group,         each optionally substituted with halo;     -   c) a monocyclic cycloalkyl, (CH₂)₀₋₁-tetrahydrofuranyl, or         (CH₂)₀₋₁-tetrahydropyranyl group, each optionally fused to a         phenyl ring, and each optionally substituted with C₁₋₄alkyl or         phenyl; or     -   d) an adamantyl group; -   R² is H, F, methyl, or methoxy; -   or R¹ and R² taken together form (CH₂)₃₋₅ or (CH₂)₂OCH₂; and -   —N(R³)R⁴ is one of the following acyclic, monocyclic, spirocyclic,     bridged, or fused ring systems:

-   -   where q is 0 or 1;     -   R³ and R⁴ are taken together as defined by the structure of each         one of such moieties;     -   R^(a) is H or OH;     -   R^(b) and R^(c) are each independently H or C₁₋₃alkyl; and     -   each R^(d) substitutent is methyl or two R^(d) substituents         taken together form a methylene or ethylene bridge;         provided that when R¹ is methyl, then —N(R³)R⁴ is selected from         said spirocyclic, bridged, and fused ring systems;         and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula         (I), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of         Formula (I), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of Formula         (I).

In certain embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is a compound selected from those species described or exemplified in the detailed description below.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions each comprising an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of Formula (I). Pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention is directed to a method of treating a subject suffering from or diagnosed with a disease, disorder, or medical condition mediated by histamine H₄ receptor activity, comprising administering to the subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I).

In certain preferred embodiments of the inventive method, the disease, disorder, or medical condition is inflammation. Inflammation herein refers to the response that develops as a consequence of histamine release, which in turn is caused by at least one stimulus. Examples of such stimuli are immunological stimuli and non-immunological stimuli.

In another aspect, the chemical entities of the present invention are useful as histamine H₄ receptor modulators. Thus, the invention is directed to a method for modulating histamine H₄ receptor activity, including when such receptor is in a subject, comprising exposing histamine H₄ receptor to an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to methods of making compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

An object of the present invention is to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the conventional methodologies and/or prior art, or to provide a useful alternative thereto.

Additional embodiments, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and through practice of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION AND ITS PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

For the sake of brevity, the disclosures of the publications, including patents, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference.

As used herein, the terms “including”, “containing” and “comprising” are used herein in their open, non-limiting sense.

The term “alkyl” refers to a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the chain. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl (Me, which also may be structurally depicted by a bond, “I”), ethyl (Et), n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl (tBu), pentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, and groups that in light of the ordinary skill in the art and the teachings provided herein would be considered equivalent to any one of the foregoing examples.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic, fused polycyclic, or spiro polycyclic carbocycle having from 3 to 12 ring atoms per carbocycle. Illustrative examples of cycloalkyl groups include the following entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties:

A “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a monocyclic, or fused, bridged, or spiro polycyclic ring structure that is saturated or partially saturated and has from 3 to 12 ring atoms per ring structure selected from carbon atoms and up to three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The ring structure may optionally contain up to two oxo groups on carbon or sulfur ring members. Illustrative entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties, include:

The term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic, fused bicyclic, or fused polycyclic aromatic heterocycle (ring structure having ring atoms selected from carbon atoms and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) having from 3 to 12 ring atoms per heterocycle. Illustrative examples of heteroaryl groups include the following entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties:

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the species of heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups listed or illustrated above are not exhaustive, and that additional species within the scope of these defined terms may also be selected.

The term “halogen” represents chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine. The term “halo” represents chloro, fluoro, bromo, or iodo.

The term “substituted” means that the specified group or moiety bears one or more substituents. The term “unsubstituted” means that the specified group bears no substituents. The term “optionally substituted” means that the specified group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents. Where the term “substituted” is used to describe a structural system, the substitution is meant to occur at any valency-allowed position on the system.

Any formula given herein is intended to represent compounds having structures depicted by the structural formula as well as certain variations or forms. In particular, compounds of any formula given herein may have asymmetric centers and therefore exist in different enantiomeric forms. All optical isomers and stereoisomers of the compounds of the general formula, and mixtures thereof, are considered within the scope of the formula. Thus, any formula given herein is intended to represent a racemate, one or more enantiomeric forms, one or more diastereomeric forms, one or more atropisomeric forms, and mixtures thereof. Furthermore, certain structures may exist as geometric isomers (i.e., cis and trans isomers), as tautomers, or as atropisomers. Additionally, any formula given herein is intended to represent hydrates, solvates, and polymorphs of such compounds, and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments of the invention, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) were obtained in a crystalline form. In a preferred embodiment, bis hydrochloride salts of compounds of Formula (I) were obtained in a crystalline form.

To provide a more concise description, some of the quantitative expressions given herein are not qualified with the term “about”. It is understood that, whether the term “about” is used explicitly or not, every quantity given herein is meant to refer to the actual given value, and it is also meant to refer to the approximation to such given value that would reasonably be inferred based on the ordinary skill in the art, including equivalents and approximations due to the experimental and/or measurement conditions for such given value. Whenever a yield is given as a percentage, such yield refers to a mass of the entity for which the yield is given with respect to the maximum amount of the same entity that could be obtained under the particular stoichiometric conditions. Concentrations that are given as percentages refer to mass ratios, unless indicated differently.

Reference to a chemical entity herein stands for a reference to any one of: (a) the actually recited form of such chemical entity, and (b) any of the forms of such chemical entity in the medium in which the compound is being considered when named. For example, reference herein to a compound such as R—COOH, encompasses reference to any one of, for example, R—COOH_((s)), R—COOH_((sol)), and R—COO⁻ _((sol)). In this example, R—COOH_((s)) refers to the solid compound, as it could be for example in a tablet or some other solid pharmaceutical composition or preparation; R—COO⁻ _((sol)) refers to the undissociated form of the compound in a solvent; and R—COO⁻ _((sol)) refers to the dissociated form of the compound in a solvent, such as the dissociated form of the compound in an aqueous environment, whether such dissociated form derives from R—COOH, from a salt thereof, or from any other entity that yields R—COO⁻ upon dissociation in the medium being considered. In another example, an expression such as “exposing an entity to compound of formula R—COOH” refers to the exposure of such entity to the form, or forms, of the compound R—COOH that exists, or exist, in the medium in which such exposure takes place. In this regard, if such entity is for example in an aqueous environment, it is understood that the compound R—COOH is in such same medium, and therefore the entity is being exposed to species such as R—COOH_((aq)) and/or R—COO⁻ _((aq)), where the subscript “(aq)” stands for “aqueous” according to its conventional meaning in chemistry and biochemistry. A carboxylic acid functional group has been chosen in these nomenclature examples; this choice is not intended, however, as a limitation but it is merely an illustration. It is understood that analogous examples can be provided in terms of other functional groups, including but not limited to hydroxyl, basic nitrogen members, such as those in amines, and any other group that interacts or transforms according to known manners in the medium that contains the compound. Such interactions and transformations include, but are not limited to, dissociation, association, tautomerism, solvolysis, including hydrolysis, solvation, including hydration, protonation, and deprotonation. No further examples in this regard are provided herein because these interactions and transformations in a given medium are known by any one of ordinary skill in the art.

Any formula given herein is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ¹⁷O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, ³⁶Cl, and ¹²⁵I, respectively. Such isotopically labelled compounds are useful in metabolic studies (preferably with ¹⁴C) reaction kinetic studies (with, for example ²H or ³H), detection or imaging techniques [such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. In particular, an ¹⁸F or ¹¹C labeled compound may be particularly preferred for PET or SPECT studies. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., ²H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements. Isotopically labeled compounds of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.

When referring to any formula given herein, the selection of a particular moiety from a list of possible species for a specified variable is not intended to define the same choice of the species for the variable appearing elsewhere. In other words, where a variable appears more than once, the choice of the species from a specified list is independent of the choice of the species for the same variable elsewhere in the formula, unless stated otherwise.

By way of a first example on substituent terminology, if substituent S¹ _(example) is one of S₁ and S₂, and substituent S² _(example) is one of S₃ and S₄, then these assignments refer to embodiments of this invention given according to the choices S¹ _(example) is S₁ and S² _(example) is S₃; S¹ _(example) is S₁ and S² _(example) is S₄; S¹ _(example) is S₂ and S² _(example) is S₃; S¹ _(example) is S₂ and S² _(example) is S₄; and equivalents of each one of such choices. The shorter terminology “S¹ _(example) is one of S₁ and S₂, and S² _(example) is one of S₃ and S₄” is accordingly used herein for the sake of brevity, but not by way of limitation. The foregoing first example on substituent terminology, which is stated in generic terms, is meant to illustrate the various substituent assignments described herein. The foregoing convention given herein for substituents extends, when applicable, to members such as R¹⁻⁴, R^(a-d), and q, and any other generic substituent symbol used herein.

Furthermore, when more than one assignment is given for any member or substituent, embodiments of this invention comprise the various groupings that can be made from the listed assignments, taken independently, and equivalents thereof. By way of a second example on substituent terminology, if it is herein described that substituent S_(example) is one of S₁, S₂, and S₃, this listing refers to embodiments of this invention for which S_(example) is S₁; S_(example) is S₂; S_(example) is S₃; S_(example) is one of S₁ and S₂; S_(example) is one of S₁ and S₃; S_(example) is one of S₂ and S₃; S_(example) is one of S₁, S₂ and S₃; and S_(example) is any equivalent of each one of these choices. The shorter terminology “S_(example) is one of S₁, S₂, and S₃” is accordingly used herein for the sake of brevity, but not by way of limitation. The foregoing second example on substituent terminology, which is stated in generic terms, is meant to illustrate the various substituent assignments described herein. The foregoing convention given herein for substituents extends, when applicable, to members such as R¹⁻⁴, R^(a-d), and q, and any other generic substituent symbol used herein.

The nomenclature “C_(i-j)” with j>i, when applied herein to a class of substituents, is meant to refer to embodiments of this invention for which each and every one of the number of carbon members, from i to j including i and j, is independently realized. By way of example, the term C₁₋₃ refers independently to embodiments that have one carbon member (C₁), embodiments that have two carbon members (C₂), and embodiments that have three carbon members (C₃).

The term C_(n-m)alkyl refers to an aliphatic chain, whether straight or branched, with a total number N of carbon members in the chain that satisfies n≦N≦m, with m>n.

Any disubstituent referred to herein is meant to encompass the various attachment possibilities when more than one of such possibilities are allowed. For example, reference to disubstituent -A-B—, where A≠B, refers herein to such disubstituent with A attached to a first substituted member and B attached to a second substituted member, and it also refers to such disubstituent with A attached to the second substituted member and B attached to the first substituted member.

According to the foregoing interpretive considerations on assignments and nomenclature, it is understood that explicit reference herein to a set implies, where chemically meaningful and unless indicated otherwise, independent reference to embodiments of such set, and reference to each and every one of the possible embodiments of subsets of the set referred to explicitly.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R¹ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, isopropoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, cyclopropoxymethyl, benzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, thiophen-2-ylmethyl, thiophen-3-ylmethyl, pyridin-4-ylmethyl, phenethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2-phenyl-cyclopropyl, indan-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, 4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, or adamantyl. In other embodiments, R¹ is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.

In some embodiments, R² is H.

In some embodiments, R¹ and R² taken together form —(CH₂)₄—. In other embodiments, R¹ and R² taken together form —(CH₂)₂OCH₂—.

In some embodiments, —N(R³)R⁴ is:

where R^(a), R^(b), and R^(c) are as previously defined. In further embodiments, —N(R³)R⁴ is:

where R^(b) is as previously defined. In still further embodiments, —N(R³)R⁴ is:

In still further embodiments, —N(R³)R⁴ is:

where R^(b) and R^(c) are as previously defined. In still further embodiments, —N(R³)R⁴ is:

where R^(b) is as previously defined. In still further embodiments, —N(R³)R⁴ is:

where R^(b) is as previously defined. In still further embodiments, —N(R³)R⁴ is:

where R^(b) is as previously defined.

In some embodiments, R^(a) is H.

In some embodiments, R^(b) and R^(c) are each independently H or methyl.

The invention includes also pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds represented by Formula (I), preferably of those described above and of the specific compounds exemplified herein, and methods using such salts.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” is intended to mean a salt of a free acid or base of a compound represented by Formula (I) that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, or otherwise biologically suitable for administration to the subject. See, generally, S. M. Berge, et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts”, J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66:1-19, and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection, and Use, Stahl and Wermuth, Eds., Wiley-VCH and VHCA, Zurich, 2002. Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those that are pharmacologically effective and suitable for contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, or allergic response. A compound of Formula (I) may possess a sufficiently acidic group, a sufficiently basic group, or both types of functional groups, and accordingly react with a number of inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include sulfates, pyrosulfates, bisulfates, sulfites, bisulfites, phosphates, monohydrogen-phosphates, dihydrogenphosphates, metaphosphates, pyrophosphates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, acetates, propionates, decanoates, caprylates, acrylates, formates, isobutyrates, caproates, heptanoates, propiolates, oxalates, malonates, succinates, suberates, sebacates, fumarates, maleates, butyne-1,4-dioates, hexyne-1,6-dioates, benzoates, chlorobenzoates, methyl benzoates, dinitrobenzoates, hydroxybenzoates, methoxybenzoates, phthalates, sulfonates, xylenesulfonates, phenylacetates, phenylpropionates, phenylbutyrates, citrates, lactates, γ-hydroxybutyrates, glycolates, tartrates, methane-sulfonates, propanesulfonates, naphthalene-1-sulfonates, naphthalene-2-sulfonates, and mandelates.

If the compound of Formula (I) contains a basic nitrogen, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, nitric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, phenylacetic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, isethionic acid, succinic acid, valeric acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as mandelic acid, citric acid, or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, naphthoic acid, or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as laurylsulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, any compatible mixture of acids such as those given as examples herein, and any other acid and mixture thereof that are regarded as equivalents or acceptable substitutes in light of the ordinary level of skill in this technology.

Where the compound of Formula (I) contains a plurality of basic nitrogens, one skilled in the art will recognize that suitable salts include salts formed with one or more equivalents of an inorganic or organic acid. In preferred embodiments of Formula (I), such salts include bis hydrochloride salts.

If the compound of Formula (I) is an acid, such as a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), an alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, any compatible mixture of bases such as those given as examples herein, and any other base and mixture thereof that are regarded as equivalents or acceptable substitutes in light of the ordinary level of skill in this technology. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as glycine and arginine, ammonia, carbonates, bicarbonates, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as benzylamines, pyrrolidines, piperidine, morpholine, and piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, and lithium.

The invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds of Formula (I), and treatment methods employing such pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs. The term “prodrug” means a precursor of a designated compound that, following administration to a subject, yields the compound in vivo via a chemical or physiological process such as solvolysis or enzymatic cleavage, or under physiological conditions (e.g., a prodrug on being brought to physiological pH is converted to the compound of Formula (I)). A “pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug” is a prodrug that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to the subject. Illustrative procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs”, ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.

Examples of prodrugs include compounds having an amino acid residue, or a polypeptide chain of two or more (e.g., two, three or four) amino acid residues, covalently joined through an amide or ester bond to a free amino, hydroxy, or carboxylic acid group of a compound of Formula (I). Examples of amino acid residues include the twenty naturally occurring amino acids, commonly designated by three letter symbols, as well as 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3-methylhistidine, norvalin, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, citrulline homocysteine, homoserine, ornithine and methionine sulfone.

Additional types of prodrugs may be produced, for instance, by derivatizing free carboxyl groups of structures of Formula (I) as amides or alkyl esters. Examples of amides include those derived from ammonia, primary C₁₋₆alkyl amines and secondary di(C₁₋₆alkyl) amines. Secondary amines include 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl ring moieties. Examples of amides include those that are derived from ammonia, C₁₋₃alkyl primary amines, and di(C₁₋₂alkyl)amines. Examples of esters of the invention include C₁₋₇alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkyl, phenyl, and phenyl(C₁₋₆alkyl) esters. Preferred esters include methyl esters. Prodrugs may also be prepared by derivatizing free hydroxy groups using groups including hemisuccinates, phosphate esters, dimethylaminoacetates, and phosphoryloxymethyloxycarbonyls, following procedures such as those outlined in Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 1996, 19, 115. Carbamate derivatives of hydroxy and amino groups may also yield prodrugs. Carbonate derivatives, sulfonate esters, and sulfate esters of hydroxy groups may also provide prodrugs. Derivatization of hydroxy groups as (acyloxy)methyl and (acyloxy)ethyl ethers, wherein the acyl group may be an alkyl ester, optionally substituted with one or more ether, amine, or carboxylic acid functionalities, or where the acyl group is an amino acid ester as described above, is also useful to yield prodrugs. Prodrugs of this type may be prepared as described in J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 10. Free amines can also be derivatized as amides, sulfonamides or phosphonamides. All of these prodrug moieties may incorporate groups including ether, amine, and carboxylic acid functionalities.

The present invention also relates to pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I), and uses of such metabolites in the methods of the invention. A “pharmaceutically active metabolite” means a pharmacologically active product of metabolism in the body of a compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof. Prodrugs and active metabolites of a compound may be determined using routine techniques known or available in the art. See, e.g., Bertolini, et al., J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2011-2016; Shan, et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86 (7), 765-767; Bagshawe, Drug Dev. Res. 1995, 34, 220-230; Bodor, Adv. Drug Res. 1984, 13, 224-331; Bundgaard, Design of Prodrugs (Elsevier Press, 1985); and Larsen, Design and Application of Prodrugs, Drug Design and Development (Krogsgaard-Larsen, et al., eds., Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991).

The compounds of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, and pharmaceutically active metabolites, whether alone or in combination, (collectively, “active agents”) of the present invention are useful as histamine H₄ receptor modulators in the methods of the invention. Such methods for modulating histamine H₄ receptor activity comprise exposing histamine

H₄ receptor to an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I). Embodiments of this invention inhibit histamine H₄ receptor activity.

In some embodiments, the histamine H₄ receptor is in a subject diagnosed with or suffering from a disease, disorder, or medical condition mediated through histamine H₄ receptor activity, such as those described herein. Symptoms or disease states are intended to be included within the scope of “medical conditions, disorders, or diseases.”

Accordingly, the invention relates to methods of using the active agents described herein to treat subjects diagnosed with or suffering from a disease, disorder, or condition mediated through histamine H₄ receptor activity, such as inflammation. Active agents according to the invention may therefore be used as anti-inflammatory agents.

In some embodiments, an active agent of the present invention is administered to treat inflammation. Inflammation may be associated with various diseases, disorders, or conditions, such as inflammatory disorders, allergic disorders, dermatological disorders, autoimmune disease, lymphatic disorders, and immunodeficiency disorders, including the more specific conditions and diseases given below. Regarding the onset and evolution of inflammation, inflammatory diseases or inflammation-mediated diseases or conditions include, but are not limited to, acute inflammation, allergic inflammation, and chronic inflammation.

Illustrative types of inflammation treatable with a histamine H₄ receptor-modulating agent according to the invention include inflammation due to any one of a plurality of conditions such as allergy, asthma, dry eye, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis (see: Ohki, E. et al. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2007, 30(11), 2217-2220), multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases (including colitis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis), psoriasis, pruritis, itchy skin, atopic dermatitis, urticaria (hives), ocular inflammation (e.g., post-surgical ocular inflammation), conjunctivitis, dry eye, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, nasal itch, scleroderma, autoimmune thyroid diseases, immune-mediated (also known as type 1) diabetes mellitus and lupus, which are characterized by excessive or prolonged inflammation at some stage of the disease. Other autoimmune diseases that lead to inflammation include Myasthenia gravis, autoimmune neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré, autoimmune uveitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, temporal arteritis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, vasculitides, such as Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcet's disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus vulgaris, vitiligio, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune oophoritis and orchitis, autoimmune disease of the adrenal gland, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, spondyloarthropathies, such as ankylosing spondylitis, and Sjogren's syndrome.

Pruritis treatable with a histamine H₄ receptor-modulating agent according to the invention includes that which is a symptom of allergic cutaneous diseases (such as atopic dermatitis and hives) and other metabolic disorders (such as chronic renal failure, hepatic cholestasis, and diabetes mellitus).

In other embodiments, an active agent of the present invention is administered to treat allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autoimmune diseases, or pruritis.

Thus, the active agents may be used to treat subjects diagnosed with or suffering from a disease, disorder, or condition mediated through histamine H₄ receptor activity. The term “treat” or “treating” as used herein is intended to refer to administration of an active agent or composition of the invention to a subject for the purpose of effecting a therapeutic or prophylactic benefit through modulation of histamine H₄ receptor activity. Treating includes reversing, ameliorating, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, lessening the severity of, or preventing a disease, disorder, or condition, or one or more symptoms of such disease, disorder or condition mediated through modulation of histamine H₄ receptor activity. The term “subject” refers to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment, such as a human. “Modulators” include both inhibitors and activators, where “inhibitors” refer to compounds that decrease, prevent, inactivate, desensitize or down-regulate histamine H₄ receptor expression or activity, and “activators” are compounds that increase, activate, facilitate, sensitize, or up-regulate histamine H₄ receptor expression or activity.

In treatment methods according to the invention, an effective amount of at least one active agent according to the invention is administered to a subject suffering from or diagnosed as having such a disease, disorder, or condition. An “effective amount” means an amount or dose sufficient to generally bring about the desired therapeutic or prophylactic benefit in patients in need of such treatment for the designated disease, disorder, or condition. Effective amounts or doses of the active agents of the present invention may be ascertained by routine methods such as modeling, dose escalation studies or clinical trials, and by taking into consideration routine factors, e.g., the mode or route of administration or drug delivery, the pharmacokinetics of the agent, the severity and course of the disease, disorder, or condition, the subject's previous or ongoing therapy, the subject's health status and response to drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician. An exemplary dose is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 200 mg of active agent per kg of subject's body weight per day, preferably about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg/day, or about 1 to 35 mg/kg/day, or about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg daily in single or divided dosage units (e.g., BID, TID, QID). For a 70-kg human, an illustrative range for a suitable dosage amount is from about 1 to 200 mg/day, or about 5 to 50 mg/day.

Once improvement of the patient's disease, disorder, or condition has occurred, the dose may be adjusted for preventative or maintenance treatment. For example, the dosage or the frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect is maintained. Of course, if symptoms have been alleviated to an appropriate level, treatment may cease. Patients may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of symptoms.

In addition, the active agents of the invention may be used in combination with additional active ingredients in the treatment of the above conditions. The additional active ingredients may be coadministered separately with an active agent of Formula (I) or included with such an agent in a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention. In an exemplary embodiment, additional active ingredients are those that are known or discovered to be effective in the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases mediated by histamine H₄ receptor activity, such as another histamine H₄ receptor modulator or a compound active against another target associated with the particular condition, disorder, or disease. The combination may serve to increase efficacy (e.g., by including in the combination a compound potentiating the potency or effectiveness of an agent according to the invention), decrease one or more side effects, or decrease the required dose of the active agent according to the invention.

When referring to modulating the target receptor, an “effective amount” means an amount sufficient to affect the activity of such receptor. Measuring the activity of the target receptor may be performed by routine analytical methods. Target receptor modulation is useful in a variety of settings, including assays.

The active agents of the invention are used, alone or in combination with one or more additional active ingredients, to formulate pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. A pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises: (a) an effective amount of at least one active agent in accordance with the invention; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a substance that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to a subject, such as an inert substance, added to a pharmacological composition or otherwise used as a vehicle, carrier, or diluent to facilitate administration of a agent and that is compatible therewith. Examples of excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils, and polyethylene glycols.

Delivery forms of the pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more dosage units of the active agents may be prepared using suitable pharmaceutical excipients and compounding techniques known or that become available to those skilled in the art. The compositions may be administered in the inventive methods by a suitable route of delivery, e.g., oral, parenteral, rectal, topical, or ocular routes, or by inhalation.

The preparation may be in the form of tablets, capsules, sachets, dragees, powders, granules, lozenges, powders for reconstitution, liquid preparations, or suppositories. Preferably, the compositions are formulated for intravenous infusion, topical administration, or oral administration.

For oral administration, the active agents of the invention can be provided in the form of tablets or capsules, or as a solution, emulsion, or suspension. To prepare the oral compositions, the active agents may be formulated to yield a dosage of, e.g., from about 0.05 to about 50 mg/kg daily, or from about 0.05 to about 20 mg/kg daily, or from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg daily.

Oral tablets may include the active ingredient(s) mixed with compatible pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as diluents, disintegrating agents, binding agents, lubricating agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservative agents. Suitable inert fillers include sodium and calcium carbonate, sodium and calcium phosphate, lactose, starch, sugar, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, mannitol, sorbitol, and the like. Exemplary liquid oral excipients include ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like. Starch, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose, and alginic acid are exemplary disintegrating agents. Binding agents may include starch and gelatin. The lubricating agent, if present, may be magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. If desired, the tablets may be coated with a material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate to delay absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or may be coated with an enteric coating.

Capsules for oral administration include hard and soft gelatin capsules. To prepare hard gelatin capsules, active ingredient(s) may be mixed with a solid, semi-solid, or liquid diluent. Soft gelatin capsules may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with water, an oil such as peanut oil or olive oil, liquid paraffin, a mixture of mono and di-glycerides of short chain fatty acids, polyethylene glycol 400, or propylene glycol.

Liquids for oral administration may be in the form of suspensions, solutions, emulsions or syrups or may be lyophilized or presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid compositions may optionally contain: pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients such as suspending agents (for example, sorbitol, methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminum stearate gel and the like); non-aqueous vehicles, e.g., oil (for example, almond oil or fractionated coconut oil), propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, or water; preservatives (for example, methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid); wetting agents such as lecithin; and, if desired, flavoring or coloring agents.

The active agents of this invention may also be administered by non-oral routes. For example, compositions may be formulated for rectal administration as a suppository. For parenteral use, including intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous routes, the agents of the invention may be provided in sterile aqueous solutions or suspensions, buffered to an appropriate pH and isotonicity or in parenterally acceptable oil. Suitable aqueous vehicles include Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride. Such forms may be presented in unit-dose form such as ampules or disposable injection devices, in multi-dose forms such as vials from which the appropriate dose may be withdrawn, or in a solid form or pre-concentrate that can be used to prepare an injectable formulation. Illustrative infusion doses range from about 1 to 1000 μg/kg/minute of agent admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier over a period ranging from several minutes to several days.

For topical administration, the agents may be mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% of drug to vehicle. Another mode of administering the agents of the invention may utilize a patch formulation to affect transdermal delivery.

Active agents may alternatively be administered in methods of this invention by inhalation, via the nasal or oral routes, e.g., in a spray formulation also containing a suitable carrier.

Exemplary chemical entities useful in methods of the invention will now be described by reference to illustrative synthetic schemes for their general preparation below and the specific examples that follow. Artisans will recognize that, to obtain the various compounds herein, starting materials may be suitably selected so that the ultimately desired substituents will be carried through the reaction scheme with or without protection as appropriate to yield the desired product. Alternatively, it may be necessary or desirable to employ, in the place of the ultimately desired substituent, a suitable group that may be carried through the reaction scheme and replaced as appropriate with the desired substituent. Each of the reactions depicted in Scheme A is preferably run at a temperature from about room temperature to the reflux temperature of the organic solvent used. Unless otherwise specified, the variables are as defined above in reference to Formula (I).

As shown in Scheme A, the present invention includes methods of making compounds of Formula (I), from β-ketoesters A1 (where R is C₁₋₄alkyl; preferably methyl or ethyl), which are commercially available or prepared by known methods. β-Ketoesters A1 are reacted with guanidine, or a hydrochloride, carbonate, nitrate, or sulfate salt thereof, in the presence of an organic base (for example, potassium tert-butoxide or a tertiary amine base, such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine) or an inorganic base (for example, K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, Cs₂CO₃, or K₃PO₄, or a mixture thereof), in an organic solvent (for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-amyl alcohol, THF, acetonitrile, or methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), or a mixture thereof), to provide hydroxypyrimidines A2. One skilled in the art will recognize that compounds of formula A2 include hydroxypyrimidines and their pyrimidone tautomers, and mixtures thereof.

Chlorination of compounds A2 with POCl₃, neat or in an organic solvent (for example, acetonitrile, toluene, dichloromethane, or MTBE, or a mixture thereof), provides chloro-pyrimidines A3. In preferred embodiments, the reaction is done in the presence of a tertiary amine base (for example, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, or iPr₂NEt) and a tetraalkylammonium chloride salt (such as Et₄NCl).

Displacement of the chloro substituent by reacting a chloro-pyrimidine A3 with a diamine HNR³R⁴, in an organic solvent (for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-amyl alcohol, THF, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof), gives compounds of Formula (I). In some embodiments of the displacement reaction, the R^(b) substituent in diamine HNR³R⁴ is a nitrogen protecting group, such as a tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group or benzyl group, and the reaction provides compounds of formula (Ia) where R^(b) is a nitrogen protecting group.

Where the R^(b) group in diamine HNR³R⁴ is a nitrogen protecting group, the protecting group is removed by deprotecting compounds of formula (Ia) to give compounds of Formula (I) where R^(b) is H. Deprotection may be accomplished using standard deprotection conditions. For example, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group is removed using an organic acid such as TFA (neat or in a solvent such as CH₂Cl₂) or an inorganic acid such as HCl (in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane, isopropanol, or formic acid) to give a compound of Formula (I) where R^(b) is H.

In an alternative embodiment, reaction of hydroxypyrimidines A2 with protected or unprotected diamines HNR³R⁴ under standard peptide coupling conditions known in the art provide compounds of Formula (I) directly.

Compounds of Formula (I) may be converted to their corresponding salts using methods described in the art. For example, an amine of Formula (I) is treated with trifluoroacetic acid, HCl, or citric acid in a solvent such as Et₂O, CH₂Cl₂, THF, MeOH, or isopropanol to provide the corresponding salt form. Crystalline forms of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) may be obtained in crystalline form by recrystallization from polar solvents (including mixtures of polar solvents and aqueous mixtures of polar solvents) or from non-polar solvents (including mixtures of non-polar solvents).

Compounds prepared according to the schemes described above may be obtained as single enantiomers, diastereomers, or regioisomers, by enantio-, diastero-, or regiospecific synthesis, or by resolution. Compounds prepared according to the schemes above may alternately be obtained as racemic (1:1) or non-racemic (not 1:1) mixtures or as mixtures of diastereomers or regioisomers. Where racemic and non-racemic mixtures of enantiomers are obtained, single enantiomers may be isolated using conventional separation methods known to one skilled in the art, such as chiral chromatography, recrystallization, diastereomeric salt formation, derivatization into diastereomeric adducts, biotransformation, or enzymatic transformation. Where regioisomeric or diastereomeric mixtures are obtained, single isomers may be separated using conventional methods such as chromatography or crystallization.

The following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the invention and various preferred embodiments.

EXAMPLES

In obtaining the compounds described in the examples below and the corresponding analytical data, the following experimental and analytical protocols were followed unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise stated, reaction mixtures were magnetically stirred at room temperature (rt). Where solutions are “dried,” they are generally dried over a drying agent such as Na₂SO₄ or MgSO₄. Where mixtures, solutions, and extracts were “concentrated”, they were typically concentrated on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Silica gel (SiO₂) was used for all chromatographic purification unless otherwise noted and the eluent used is listed in parentheses.

Analytical reversed-phase HPLC was performed on a Hewlett Packard HPLC Series 1100, with a Phenomenex ONYX® monolithic C18 (5 μm, 4.6×100 mm) column. Detection was done at λ=230, 254 and 280 nm. The flow rate was 1 mL/min. The gradient was 10 to 90% acetonitrile/water (20 mM NH₄OH) over 5.0 min. Preparative reversed-phase HPLC was performed on a Shimadzu LC-8A equipped with a YMC Pack ODS 250×30 mm column with a gradient of 10 to 50% TFA in acetonitrile (0.05% water) over 15 min at a flow rate of 70 mL/min.

Compounds were analyzed in a free base, hydrochloride salt, or trifluoroacetic acid salt form. Hydrochloride salts were obtained either: 1) during the removal of the tert-butylcarbamoyl (Boc) group; or 2) by treatment of a solution of the purified free base in THF or CH₂Cl₂ with at least two equivalents of a solution of HCl in 1,4-dioxane followed by concentration. TFA salts were obtained following preparative reversed-phase HPLC purification.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained on Bruker model DRX spectrometers. The format of the ¹H NMR data below is: chemical shift in ppm downfield of the tetramethylsilane reference (multiplicity, coupling constant J in Hz, integration).

Mass spectra were obtained on an Agilent series 1100 MSD using electrospray ionization (ESI) in either positive or negative modes as indicated. The MS data presented is the m/z found (typically [M+H]⁺) for the molecular ion.

Chemical names were generated using ChemDraw Version 6.0.2 (CambridgeSoft, Cambridge, Mass.) or ACD/Name Version 9 (Advanced Chemistry Development, Toronto, Ontario, Canada).

Example 1 4-Cyclopentyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step A: 2-Amino-6-cyclopentyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one

To a solution of 3-cyclopentyl-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester (5.0 g, 27.4 mmol) and guanidine hydrochloride (3.1 g, 33.0 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) at 23° C. was added potassium tert-butoxide, portionwise (16.7 g. 149 mmol) over 15 min with vigorous stirring and the reaction warmed to 60° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature (rt) and stirred overnight and the precipitated salt was removed by filtration. The solution was concentrated to approximately 10 mL then diluted with 10 mL of water and adjusted to pH=5 by the addition of 6.0 N HCl (6.1 mL). The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried via suction then vacuum to yield a white solid (4.3 g, 87%) that was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 10.71-10.54 (m, 1H), 6.58-6.32 (m, 2H), 5.44-5.37 (m, 1H), 2.66 (p, J=8.1, 1H), 1.91-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.48 (m, 6H).

Step B: 2-Amino-4-chloro-6-cyclopentylpyrimidine

A suspension of 2-amino-6-cyclopentyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one (1.52 g, 8.4 mmol), tetraethyl ammonium chloride (2.8 g 16.9 mmol) and dimethylaniline (1.1 mL, 8.4 mmol) in acetonitrile (16 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (4.7 mL, 51 mmol) and heated at 110° C. for 20 min. The resulting solution was cooled to rt and concentrated to minimum volume then diluted with CHCl₃ and ice and stirred for 30 min. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with water (3×50 mL) and 5% NaHCO₃, dried, and concentrated to yield 2.0 g of crude product that was used without purification.

Step C: 4-Cyclopentyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A solution of crude 2-amino-4-chloro-6-cyclopentylpyrimidine (150 mg, 0.76 mmol), N—BOC piperazine (184 mg, 0.99 mmol) and Et₃N (210 uL, 1.5 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and concentrated and the crude residue purified (2 M NH₃ in MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to yield a white solid (34 mg, 11%). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₉N₅O₂, 347.2; m/z found, 348.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.01 (s, 1H), 3.66-3.58 (m, 4H), 3.53-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.33 (td, J=3.3, 1.6, 1H), 2.90-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.62 (m, 4H), 1.53-1.46 (m, 9H).

Step D: 4-Cyclopentyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A solution of 4-cyclopentyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (34 mg, 0.10 mmol) in formic acid (3 mL) was treated with 6.0 N HCl (0.1 mL) and stirred for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with MeOH and concentrated. This process was repeated twice to remove the formic acid to yield a white solid (30 mg, 97%). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.2; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.45 (s, 1H), 4.34-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.13-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.03 (p, J=8.0, 1H), 2.22-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.65 (m, 4H).

Example 2 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A solution of crude 2-amino-4-chloro-6-cyclopentylpyrimidine (92 mg, 0.47 mmol), and N-methyl piperazine (0.15 mL, 1.4 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 2 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and concentrated and the crude residue chromatographed (2 M NH₃ in MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to yield an oil (81 mg, 66%). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.2; m/z found, 262.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.85 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=5.0, 4H), 2.81 (q, J=8.7, 1H), 2.44 (t, J=5.0, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.59 (m, 6H).

The compounds in Examples 3-36 were prepared using methods analogous to those described for Examples 1 and 2. Where amines used in Example 1, Step C or Example 2 were not protected, the deprotection step described in Example 1, Step D was omitted.

Example 3 (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.2; m/z found, 262.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 4 (R)-4-Cyclopentyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.4; m/z found, 262.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.75 (s, 1H), 3.74-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.60 (m, 4H).

Example 5 trans-1-(2-Amino-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylamino-pyrrolidin-3-ol

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.2; m/z found, 278.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.52 (s, 1H), 5.34-5.17 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.08 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.96-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.49 (m, 4H).

Example 6 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.2; m/z found, 274.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.63 (s, 1H), 5.36-5.13 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.86-1.57 (m, 7H).

Example 7 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅, 287.2; m/z found, 288.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.13 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.04 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.79 (m, 3H), 3.71-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.17-2.79 (m, 3H), 2.22-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.68 (m, 10H).

Example 8 4-Isopropyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 221.2; m/z found, 222.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.99 (s, 1H), 3.66-3.62 (m, 4H), 2.93-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.67 (q, J=7.0, 1H), 1.21 (d, J=7.0, 6H).

Example 9 (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.2; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 10 (S)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.2; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 11 (R)-4-Isopropyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.2; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.66 (s, 1H), 5.00-4.87 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.71 (q, J=6.9, 1H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.22 (dt, J=13.4, 6.1, 1H), 1.98-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.26 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 12 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 221.16; m/z found, 222.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD; mixture of forms): 6.10 (s, 0.67H), 6.08 (s, 0.33H), 4.16-3.68 (m, 5H), 2.89 (sept, J=6.9, 1H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 0.67H), 2.50-2.42 (m, 0.33H), 2.32-2.22 (m, 0.67H), 2.22-2.14 (m, 0.33H), 1.33 (d, J=7.0, 6H).

Example 13 trans-1-(2-Amino-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylamino-pyrrolidin-3-ol

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.2 m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 14 (S,S)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.2; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 15 (R,R)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.2; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 16 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.2; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 17 (R,R)-4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.2; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 18 4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.2; m/z found, 262.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.54 (s, 1H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 3.54 (dd, J=10.7, 8.2, 2H), 3.30 (d, J=10.3, 2H), 2.91-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.36 (dd, J=9.5, 3.6, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.12 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 19 4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.2; m/z found, 262.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.45 (s, 1H), 5.42-5.19 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.06 (m, 4H), 2.91-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.46 (m, 3H), 2.29-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.31 (m, 1H), 1.08 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 20 (R,R)-4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.2; m/z found, 262.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.45 (s, 1H), 5.42-5.19 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.06 (m, 4H), 2.91-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.46 (m, 3H), 2.29-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.31 (m, 1H), 1.08 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 21 4-Methyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₉H₁₅N₅, 193.2; m/z found, 194.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 10.02-9.24 (br. s, 2H), 8.12-7.21 (br.s, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 4.14-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.19 (t, J=5.0, 4H).

Example 22 4-Methyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅, 207.3; m/z found, 208.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.63 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.23 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

Example 23 (R)-4-Methyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅, 207.2; m/z found, 208.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 24 4-Methyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₆, 233.2; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 10.00-9.76 (m, 1H), 9.14-8.93 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.42 (m, 1H), 6.17 (s, 0.3H), 6.13 (s, 0.7H), 3.96-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.61 (m, 3H), 3.58-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.11 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.23 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.62 (m, 4H).

Example 25 4,5-Dimethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₆, 207.1; m/z found, 208.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 26 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₆, 221.2; m/z found, 222.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 27 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₆, 207.1; m/z found, 208.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 28 (R)-4,5-Dimethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 221.2; m/z found, 222.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 29 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.2; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 30 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.2 m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 31 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.2; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 32 (S,S)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₇N₅, 219.2; m/z found, 220.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 33 4-Ethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 207.15; m/z found, 208.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 13.51 (s, 1H), 9.68 (s, 2H), 7.76 (s, 2H), 6.53-6.42 (m, 4H), 3.99 (s, 4H), 3.19 (s, 4H), 2.61-2.53 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.19 (m, 3H).

Example 34 4-Ethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 221.16; m/z found, 222.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.8 (s, 1H), 5.1 (s, 2H), 3.7-3.5 (m, 5H), 2.5-2.4 (m, 6H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 1.2 (t, J=7.6, 3H).

Example 35 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅, 207.15; m/z found, 208.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 8.85-8.58 (m, 2H), 8.32-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.17-6.10 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.53 (m, 4H), 2.66-2.53 (q, J=7.5, 2H), 2.41-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.19 (t, J=7.5, 3H)

Example 36 (R)-4-Ethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₀N₅, 221.16; m/z found, 222.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.61 (s, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.12 (m, 5H), 2.55-2.41 (m, 5H), 2.22-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.15 (t, J=7.3, 3H)

Example 37 (R,R)-(4-Ethyl-6-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step A: (R,R)-4-Ethyl-6-[1-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl]-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

To a solution of 4-chloro-6-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (200 mg, 1.27 mmol) in EtOH (2.4 mL) was added pyridine (210 μL, 2.54 mmol) and 1-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole (360 mg, 1.65 mmol). The solution was stirred for 2 h at 90° C. The compound was purified directly with reversed-phase HPLC to yield 115 mg (28%) of the desired compound as a yellow oil.

Step B: (R,R)-(4-Ethyl-6-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

To a solution of 4-ethyl-6-[1-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl]-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (110 mg, 0.33 mmol) in EtOH (1.0 mL) at 23° C. was added palladium hydroxide on carbon (22 mg). The reaction mixture was placed on a Parr hydrogenator and reacted with hydrogen gas at 60 psi for 6 h. The mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, rinsing with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The resulting solution was concentrated and purified with reversed-phase HPLC to yield the desired compound as a colorless oil (65 mg, 86%). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.16; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.61 (s, 1H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 3.99-3.54 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.16-3.05 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.53-2.42 (q, J=7.1, 2H), 2.08-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.16 (t, J=7.0, 3H).

The compounds in Examples 38-55 were prepared using methods analogous to those described in the preceding examples.

Example 38 4-Ethyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.16; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.13 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.24 (m, 3H), 2.66 (q, J=7.5, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.5, 3H).

Example 39 (R,R)-(4-Ethyl-6-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.18; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.14 (s, 1H), 4.17-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.77-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.02 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.09-1.78 (m, 4H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 3H).

Example 40 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₆, 233.16; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 3.63-3.54 (t, J=4.9, 4H), 2.46-2.40 (t, J=5.0, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.00-0.94 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.82 (m, 2H).

Example 41 (R)-(4-Cyclopropyl-6-3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₆, 233.16; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.58 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 4.73-4.63 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.11 (m, 5H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.00-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.82 (m, 2H).

Example 42 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₅, 259.18; m/z found, 260.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 12.45 (s, 1H), 9.91-9.74 (m, 1H), 8.96-8.83 (m, 1H), 8.12-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.06 (s, 0.3H), 6.00 (s, 0.7H), 3.96-3.63 (m, 5H), 3.22-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.19-1.04 (m, 4H).

Example 43 4-Cyclobutyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₆, 233.16; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 12.67 (s, 1H), 9.45 (s, 2H), 8.33-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 4.16-3.88 (m, 4H), 3.28-3.15 (m, 4H), 2.37-2.19 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 44 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.18; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.82 (s, 1H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 3.60 (t, J=4.9, 4H), 2.44 (t, J=5.0, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.18 (m, 5H), 2.07-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 45 (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-cyclobutyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.18; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.84 (s, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 4.32-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.09-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.64 (m, 4H), 2.36-2.15 (m, 4H), 2.12-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.22 (m, 1H).

Example 46 (R)-4-Cyclobutyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.18; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.62 (s, 1H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 3.75-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.52-2.44 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.10 (m, 5H), 2.09-1.76 (m, 5H).

Example 47 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₅, 259.18; m/z found, 260.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.63 (s, 1H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.05 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.16 (m, 4H), 2.08-1.94 (m, 2.5H), 1.89-1.79 (m, 1.5H), 1.77-1.69 (m, 1H).

Example 48 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₅, 259.18; m/z found, 260.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.05 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.23 (m, 3H), 2.44-2.26 (m, 4H), 2.21-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.99-1.89 (m, 1H).

Example 49 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.20; m/z found, 274.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.64 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 3.68-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.27 (m, 3H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.14 (m, 5H), 2.06-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.43 (m, 1H).

Example 50 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.20; m/z found, 274.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.61 (s, 1H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 3.69-3.17 (m, 6H), 3.06-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.12 (m, 5H), 2.08-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.43 (m, 1H).

Example 51 (R,R)-(4-Cyclobutyl-6-cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.20; m/z found, 274.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.61 (s, 1H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 3.69-3.17 (m, 6H), 3.06-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.12 (m, 5H), 2.08-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.43 (m, 1H).

Example 52 4-Cyclohexyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅, 275.21; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.80 (s, 1H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.44 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.93-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.18 (m, 6H).

Example 53 (R)-(4-Cyclohexyl-6-3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅, 275.21; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.59 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 4.69 (s, 2H), 3.71-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.12 (m, 1.5H), 1.95-1.77 (m, 5.5H), 1.76-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.17 (m, 6H).

Example 54 4-Cyclohexyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅, 287.21; m/z found, 288.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.59 (s, 1H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 4.02-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.21-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.12-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.17 (m, 5H).

Example 55 (R,R)-4-Cyclohexyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₇N₅, 301.23; m/z found, 302.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.59 (s, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.27 (m, 6H), 3.05-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.55-1.19 (m, 6H).

Example 56 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step A: 2-Amino-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-3H-pyrimidin-4-one

To a solution of 3-oxo-3-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (4.0 g, 21.5 mmol) and guanidine hydrochloride (2.6 g, 27.2 mmol) in MeOH (125 mL) at 23° C. was added potassium tert-butoxide in portions (3.4 g, 30.3 mmol) over 5 min. The reaction was heated at 80° C. for 18 h. The mixture was filtered while warm to remove insoluble salts, and the filtrate was concentrated to afford an oil which was diluted with water (˜25 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (8×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with satd. aq. NaCl, dried, and concentrated to give a residue. The aqueous portion was concentrated to afford a solid residue that was collected and rinsed with MeOH. The residue and solid materials were combined and chromatographed (2 M NH₃ in MeOH/EtOAc) to provide 2.02 g of product as a white solid (51%). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for: C₈H₁₁N₃O₂, 181.1; m/z found, 182.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 5.66 (br s, 1H), 3.93-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.24 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H).

Step B: 4-Chloro-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A suspension of 2-amino-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-3H-pyrimidin-4-one (1.5 g, 8.28 mmol), tetraethyl ammonium chloride (2.7 g 16.3 mmol) and dimethylaniline (1.4 mL, 11.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (2.4 mL, 26.2 mmol) and heated at 110° C. for 20 min. The resulting solution was cooled to rt and concentrated to minimum volume and pipetted onto ice chips. The aqueous portion was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were basified with satd. aq. NaHCO₃ solution to pH ˜7. The organic portion was separated, dried, and concentrated. The crude material was chromatographed (MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to yield 680 mg (42%) of product as a light orange foam. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.16 (br s, 2H), 4.00-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.35 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.18 (m, 1H).

Step C: 4-[2-Amino-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A solution of 4-chloro-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (500 mg, 2.51 mmol), N—BOC piperazine (960 mg, 5.15 mmol) and pyridine (500 uL, 6.1 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 4 h. Upon cooling to rt a thick precipitate formed which was collected by filtration. The material was rinsed with EtOAc to afford 125 mg of a white solid. The filtrate was concentrated and triturated with Et₂O-EtOAc (1:1) to yield an additional 600 mg of material (82% combined). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₇N₅O₃, 349.2; m/z found, 350.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.86 (s, 1H), 4.70 (br s, 2H), 3.90-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.45-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.18-3.26 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.48 (s, 9H).

Step D: 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A solution of 4-[2-amino-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (600 mg, 1.72 mmol) in formic acid (10 mL) was treated with 6.0 N HCl (2 mL) and stirred for 2 h at rt. The mixture was diluted with MeOH (10 mL) and concentrated. This process was repeated twice, yielding 295 mg of a white solid as the hydrochloride salt. The crude material was chromatographed (2 M NH₃ in MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to afford 133 mg (50%) of the free base as an off-white solid. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅O, 249.1; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.78 (br s, 2H), 3.98-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.58 (m, 4H), 3.22 (p, J=15.0, 7.3, 1H), 2.89-2.93 (m, 4H), 2.10-2.30 (m, 4H).

The compounds in Examples 57-65 were prepared using methods analogous to those described in the preceding examples.

Example 57 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.1; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.87 (s, 1H), 4.84 (br s, 2H), 3.98-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.17-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.18 (m, 1H).

Example 58 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.17; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.80 (s, 1H), 5.16 (br s, 2H), 4.03-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.50 (dt, J=11.4, 3.0, 2H), 2.90-2.94 (m, 4H), 2.58-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.85 (m, 4H).

Example 59 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.19; m/z found, 278.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.74 (br s, 2H), 4.05 (dt, J=11.2, 3.2, 2H), 3.59-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.45-3.52 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.43-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.76-1.82 (m, 4H).

Example 60 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.19; m/z found, 278.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.60 (s, 1H), 4.72 (br s, 2H), 4.03-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.70 (m, 7H), 2.53-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.11-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.86 (m, 5H).

Example 61 (R,R)-4-(Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅O, 303.21; m/z found, 304.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.60 (br s, 1H), 5.1-5.5 (br s, 2H), 4.02-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.02-3.57 (m, 6H), 2.96-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.42 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.88 (m, 8H).

Example 62 4-Benzyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₉N₅, 269.35; m/z found, 270.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.22-7.35 (m, 5H), 5.68-5.75 (br s, 2H), 5.66 (s, 1H), 3.9-4.10 (br s, 1H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.48-3.54 (m, 4H), 2.85-2.90 (m, 4H).

Example 63 4-Benzyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₁N₅, 283.37; m/z found, 284.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.20-7.32 (m, 5H), 5.73 (s, 1H), 4.75 (br s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.5-3.55 (m, 4H), 2.38-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H).

Example 64 (R)-Benzyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₁N₅, 283.37; m/z found, 284.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.18-7.32 (m, 5H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 4.83-4.85 (br s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.2-3.7 (m, 4H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.84 (m, 1H).

Example 65 (R,R)-4-Benzyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₃N₆, 309.41; m/z found, 310.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 12.90-12.95 (br s, 1H), 10.10-10.22 (m, 1H), 9.0-9.10 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.45 (m, 5H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 3.65-3.95 (br m, 6H), 3.48-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.90 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.80 (m, 4H).

Example 66 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

Steps A: 4-Chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

The title compound was prepared from 3-cyclohexyl-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester, using methods analogous to those described in Example 1, Steps A-B.

Step B: 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

A solution of 4-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine (100 mg, 0.55 mmol), N-methyl piperazine (91 uL, 1.5 mmol) and Et₃N (140 uL, 1.1 mmol) in EtOH (2 ml) was heated at 70° C. for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to rt and concentrated, and the crude residue was purified (2 M NH₃ in MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to yield a white solid (31 mg, 23%). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.3; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.30-3.23 (m, 4H), 3.21 (dt, J=3.3, 1.6, 1H), 2.49 (t, J=6.7, 2H), 2.47-2.41 (m, 4H), 2.36 (t, J=5.9, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.52 (m, 2H).

The compounds in Examples 67-75 were prepared using methods analogous to those described in Example 66.

Example 67 4-(4-piperazin-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.2; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.28-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.85 (t, J=4.8, 4H), 2.53 (t, J=6.6, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=5.9, 2H), 1.80-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.56 (m, 2H).

Example 68 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.2; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 69 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 248.4; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.67-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.28 (dd, J=11.0, 5.5, 1H), 3.06 (p, J=6.0, 1H), 2.58-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=6.4, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H) 2.01-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.45 (m, 5H).

Example 70 (R,R)-4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₅, 259.2; m/z found, 260.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 71 4-(cis-Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.4; m/z found, 274.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.87-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.54 (dd, J=11.7, 1.6, 1H), 3.32-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.96 (dt, J=12.2, 3.6, 1H), 2.78-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.44 (m, 2H).

Example 72 (R,R)-4-(Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.4; m/z found, 274.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.87-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.54 (dd, J=11.7, 1.6, 1H), 3.32-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.96 (dt, J=12.2, 3.6, 1H), 2.78-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.44 (m, 2H).

Example 73 (S,S)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₁₉N₅, 245.2; m/z found, 246.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 74 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁N₅, 233.16; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 4.75 (s, 2H), 3.68 (t, J=9.8, 4.8, 4H), 2.91-2.85 (t, J=14.4, 7.0, 2H), 2.73-2.66 (t, J=15.6, 7.7, 2H), 2.47-2.42 (t, J=10.0, 5.0, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.94 (qt, J=15.5, 7.9, 2H).

Example 75 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.16; m/z found, 234.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 4.88 (s, 2H), 3.84-3.74 (m, 2.7H), 3.72-3.61 (m, 1.3H), 3.49-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.14-2.04 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.74 (m, 2H).

The compounds in Examples 76-79 were prepared using methods analogous to those described in the preceding examples.

Example 76 4-tert-Butyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 77 4-tert-Butyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅, 249.20; m/z found, 250.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 78 (R)-4-tert-Butyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅, 249.20; m/z found, 250.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 79 (R,R)-4-tert-Butyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅, 275.21; m/z found, 276.3 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 1: 3-(4-Methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester

Step A: (4-Methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-methanol

A −78° C. solution of 4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Regan, J. et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 2994-3008; 9.9 g, 63 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (400 mL) was treated with DIBAL-H (1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂; 125 mL, 125 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h, and then was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and satd. aq. NH₄Cl. The mixture was treated with satd. aq. sodium potassium tartrate, allowed to warm to rt, and stirred for 45 min. The mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×), and the combined extracts were washed with satd. aq. NaCl, dried, and concentrated. Chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes) afforded the title compound as a colorless oil (5.6 g 69%). The spectral data matched that reported in PCT Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. WO 2006/001752.

Step B: 4-Methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxaldehyde

To a solution of (4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-methanol (1.5 g, 11.5 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ was added a suspension of Dess-Martin periodinane (5.8 g, 14 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL). After 70 min, the heterogenous mixture was diluted with Et₂O (100 mL), stirred for 10 min, treated with 1 N HaOH (10 mL), and stirred for another 10 min. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (Et₂O/CH₂Cl₂) to give the title compound (1.01 g, 68%) as a colorless volatile oil. The spectral data matched that reported in PCT Intl. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. WO 2006/001752.

Step C: 3-(4-Methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of BF₃.OEt₂ (0.350 mL, 2.50 mmol) and ethyl diazoacetate (0.390 mL, 3.42 mmol) was added a solution of 4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxaldehyde (350 mg, 2.73 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL). After 20 min, the mixture was poured into half-saturated aq. NaCl and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated. Chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes) afforded the title compound (461 mg, 79%) as a colorless oil. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₈O₄, 214.1; m/z found, 215.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (mixture of tautomers; CDCl₃): 12.5 (s, 0.5H), 5.05 (s, 0.5H), 4.25-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.53 (m, 2H), 5.52 (s, 3H), 2.05-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.22 (m, 3H), 1.38-1.34 (m, 3H).

Intermediate 2: 3-Cyclopentyl-2-methoxy-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to that described in Tetrahedron 1998, 44, 1603-1607: To a suspension of iodosobenzene diacetate (5.2 g, 16.3 mmol) in MeOH (40 mL) was added BF₃.0Et₂ (2.1 mL, 16.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was added to 3-cyclopentyl-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester (3.0 g, 16.3 mmol) and stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was concentrated to half the total volume, quenched with satd. aq. NaHCO₃, and extracted with CHCl₃ (2×). The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated and the crude residue purified (EtOAc/hexanes) to yield a colorless oil (1.5 g, 43%). ¹H NMR (MeOD): 4.4 (s, 1H), 3.8 (s, 3H), 3.5 (s, 3H), 3.3-3.2 (m, 1H), 1.9-1.5 (m, 8H).

Intermediate 3: 3-Oxo-4-pyridin-4-yl-butyric acid ethyl ester

A solution of pyridin-4-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride salt (1.73 g 10 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was treated with triethylamine (2.09 mL, 15 mmol), followed by 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (2.43 g, 15 mol). After 4 h, the solution was added dropwise to a 0° C. solution of 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione (Meldrum's acid; 1.73 g, 12 mmol) and pyridine (1.63 mL, 20 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm slowly to rt and was stirred for 18 h. The mixture was washed with H₂O (2×), and the organic layer was dried and concentrated. The crude residue was dissolved in EtOH (100 mL) and heated at reflux for 4 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to rt and was concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes) to give the title compound (411 mg, 15%) as a pale yellow oil. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₃NO₃, 207.1; m/z found, 208.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.57 (dd, J=4.4, 1.6, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J=4.4, 1.6, 2H), 4.20 (q, J=7.2, 2H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 3.51 (s, 2H), 1.28 (t, J=7.2, 3H).

Intermediate 4: 3-Oxo-3-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1 M in hexanes; 100 mL) in THF (200 mL) at −78° C. was added dry ethyl acetate (10.8 g, 12 mL, 122.5 mmol) dropwise. After 30 min at −78° C., the mixture was treated with a solution of tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6.0 g, 46.1 mmol) in THF (50 mL). After 4 h at −78° C., the reaction was quenched with satd. aq. NH₄Cl, warmed to rt, and extracted with EtOAc (5×75 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with satd. aq. NaCl, dried, and concentrated to give a colorless oil. Chromatography on SiO₂ (EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂) afforded the title compound (3.3 g).

The compounds in Examples 80-255 were prepared from the appropriate beta-ketoesters according to methods described in the preceding examples. The beta-ketoesters or 1,3-diones used were commercially available or prepared using methods described for Intermediates 1-4.

Example 80 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅, 247.2; m/z found, 248.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.72 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.54 (m, 3H), 3.54-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.24 (ddd, J=12.8, 12.7, 6.4, 1H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.75 (m, 3H), 1.74-1.63 (m, 4H).

Example 81 (R,R)-4-Cyclopentyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅, 287.2; m/z found, 288.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.77-5.68 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.25 (m, 5H), 2.91 (td, J=12.3, 3.8, 1H), 2.86-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.73 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.44 (m, 1H).

Example 82 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅, 287.2; m/z found, 288.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.77 (s, 1H), 3.64-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.37 (m, 3H), 3.04-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.44 (dd, J=9.8, 4.1, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.62 (m, 4H).

Example 83 (R,R)-4-Cyclopentyl-6-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.2; m/z found, 274.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.63 (s, 1H), 5.36-5.13 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.86-1.57 (m, 7H).

Example 84 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-1,7-diaza-spiro[4.4]non-7-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅, 287.2; m/z found, 288.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.72 (s, 1H), 3.68-3.27 (m, 4H), 3.07-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.92 (m, 4H), 1.93-1.74 (m, 6H), 1.74-1.57 (m, 4H).

Example 85 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅, 233.16; m/z found, 234.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 10.97-8.73 (br. s, 3H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 5.98 (s, 1H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 4.30-4.07 (m, 3H), 2.96-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.11-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.52 (m, 4H).

Example 86 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(trans-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₃N₅O, 289.2; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.62 (s, 1H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 3.99 (dd, J=11.7, 2.5, 2H), 3.77 (dt, J=11.7, 2.9, 1H), 3.67-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.20 (t, J=9.8, 1H), 3.13-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.98 (dd, J=12.3, 1.9, 2H), 2.86-2.76 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.91 (m, 4H), 1.83-1.57 (m, 4H).

Example 87 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅, 273.2; m/z found, 274.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 88 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅O, 289.19; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 89 (2-Amino-ethyl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₉H₁₇N₅, 195.15; m/z found, 196.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 8.11 (s, 1H), 6.04 (s, 1H), 3.75 (t, J=5.8, 2H), 3.21 (t, J=5.8, 2H), 2.81 (td, J=13.7, 6.8, 1H), 1.29 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 90 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅, 207.3; m/z found, 208.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 12.95 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 3H), 8.29-7.56 (br s, 2H), 6.01 (s, 1H), 4.47 (dd, J=9.9, 8.0, 1H), 4.36 (dd, J=10.3, 8.0, 1H), 4.27 (dd, J=10.5, 4.2, 1H), 4.20 (dd, J=10.9, 4.4, 1H), 4.17-4.09 (m, 1H), 2.81 (td, J=13.8, 6.9, 1H), 1.24 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 91 4-(1,7-Diaza-spiro[4.4]non-7-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.2; m/z found, 262.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.52 (s, 1H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 3.59-3.20 (m, 4H), 3.02-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.58 (td, J=13.8, 6.9, 1H), 1.95-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.14 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 92 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-isopropyl-N⁴-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₉N₅, 209.16; m/z found, 210.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 93 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.17; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 94 4-(trans-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.17; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 95 4-Isopropyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 263.17; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 96 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₆O, 249.16; m/z found, 250.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 4.69 (s, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.00 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.32-3.28 (m, 4H), 2.74 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.50-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s, 3H).

Example 97 (R,R)-4-(Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₆O, 275.2; m/z found, 276.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 12.97-12.63 (br s, 1H), 9.99 (s, 1H), 9.34 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 2H), 4.95-4.79 (m, 1H), 4.74 (d, J=13.5, 1H), 4.05-3.63 (m, 7H), 3.16 (d, J=12.1, 1H), 2.91-2.57 (m, 4H), 1.95-1.56 (m, 4H).

Example 98 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₇N₅O, 235.14; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 99 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅O, 249.16; m/z found, 250.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 100 4-piperazin-1-yl-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₇N₅O, 235.14; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 101 4-Butyl-5-methoxy-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅O, 265.2; m/z found, 266.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 4.30 (s, 4H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.37 (m, 4H), 2.73-2.66 (m, 2H), 1.68 (td, J=15.5, 7.6, 2H), 1.51-1.39 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.3, 3H).

Example 102 4-Butyl-6-[1,4]diazepan-1-yl-5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₅N₅O, 279.21; m/z found, 280.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 103 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-butyl-5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.2; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 104 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-butyl-5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁H₂₃N₅O, 265.2; m/z found, 266.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 105 (S)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-butyl-5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁H₂₃N₅O, 265.2; m/z found, 266.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 106 (R)-4-Butyl-5-methoxy-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₅N₅O, 279.2; m/z found, 280.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 107 (S)-4-Butyl-5-methoxy-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₅N₅O, 279.2; m/z found, 280.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 108 4-Butyl-5-methoxy-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₅N₅O, 279.2; m/z found, 280.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 109 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-butyl-5-methoxy-N⁴-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₃N₅O, 253.2; m/z found, 254.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 110 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-butyl-5-methoxy-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₂₁N₅O, 239.2; m/z found, 240.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 111 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅O, 263.2; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 4.97-4.88 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.52 (m, 2H), 4.33-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.70 (5, 3H), 3.48-3.35 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.67 (m, 4H).

Example 112 4-Cyclopentyl-6-[1,4]diazepan-1-yl-5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅O, 291.2; m/z found, 292.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 4.33-3.99 (m, 4H), 3.69 (5, 3H), 3.58-3.44 (m, 3H), 3.41-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.66 (m, 4H).

Example 113 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.2; m/z found, 278.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 114 (S)-4-Cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 291.2; m/z found, 292.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 115 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-N⁴-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅O, 265.2; m/z found, 266.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 116 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.2; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 117 4-[1,4]Diazepan-1-yl-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.50 (s, 1H), 4.48-4.42 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.17 (m, 1.5H), 4.11-3.99 (m, 1.5H), 3.86-3.77 (m, 1.5H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.46-3.41 (m, 1.5H), 3.41-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.12 (m, 2H).

Example 118 (S)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅O, 223.14; m/z found, 224.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 119 (S)-4-Methoxymethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 120 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₅, 259.18; m/z found, 260.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.60 (s, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.67-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.71-1.65 (m, 1H), 0.98-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.82 (m, 2H).

Example 121 4-Cyclopropyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₇N₅, 219.15; m/z found, 220.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.32-3.88 (m, 4H), 3.36-3.32 (m, 4H), 1.97-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.20 (m, 2H), 1.13-1.08 (m, 2H).

Example 122 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₅N₅, 205.13; m/z found, 206.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 4.34-4.19 (m, 4H), 1.92-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.17 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.06 (m, 2H).

Example 123 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₇N₅, 219.15; m/z found, 220.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.93 (s, 0.6H), 5.91 (s, 0.4H), 4.15-3.59 (m, 5H), 2.60-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.19 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.04 (m, 2H).

Example 124 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₁₉N₅, 245.16; m/z found, 246.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.92 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.72-3.54 (m, 3H), 3.34-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.17 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.07 (m, 2H).

Example 125 (S)-4-Isopropyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.59 (s, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 3.77-3.14 (m, 5H), 2.65-2.49 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.21 (s, 3H), 1.19 (s, 1H).

Example 126 (S)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 221.16; m/z found, 222.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.32-6.26 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.14 (m, 2H), 4.13-3.86 (m, 3H), 3.09 (q, J=6.9, 1H), 2.81-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.54-2.33 (m, 1H), 1.53 (d, J=6.9, 6H).

Example 127 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-tert-butyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.11-5.99 (m, 1H), 4.22-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.70 (m, 3H), 2.64-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Example 128 4-tert-Butyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅, 275.21; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.73 (s, 1H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 3.66-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.23 (s, 9H).

Example 129 (S)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-tert-butyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.11-5.99 (m, 1H), 4.22-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.70 (m, 3H), 2.64-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Example 130 (S)-4-tert-Butyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅, 249.20; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.71 (s, 1H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 3.72-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.25 (s, 9H).

Example 131 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-tert-butyl-N⁴-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₂₁N₅, 223.18; m/z found, 224.4 [M+H]⁺.

Example 132 4-tert-Butyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.20; m/z found, 262.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 133 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-tert-butyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 221.16; m/z found, 222.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 134 4-tert-Butyl-6-(3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.20; m/z found, 262.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 135 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-butyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.17-6.13 (m, 1H), 4.17-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.69 (m, 3H), 2.66-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.40 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.4, 3H).

Example 136 4-Butyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅, 249.20; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=4.9, 4H), 2.47-2.39 (m, 6H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.34, 3H).

Example 137 (R)-4-Butyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅, 249.20; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.57 (s, 1H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 3.75-3.07 (m, 5H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.3, 3H).

Example 138 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-butyl-N⁴-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 223.18; m/z found, 224.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.04 (t, J=5.6, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.23 (m, 3H), 2.69-2.61 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.3, 3H).

Example 139 4-Butyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅, 275.21; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.61 (s, 1H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 3.67-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.29 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.3, 3H).

Example 140 Butyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.20; m/z found, 262.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.12 (s, 1H), 3.98-3.76 (m, 3H), 3.72-3.56 (m, 3H), 3.41-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.57 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.3, 1H).

Example 141 4-Butyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅, 275.21; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.15 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.04 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.76 (m, 3H), 3.69-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.01 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.78 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.96 (m, 3H).

Example 142 4-Butyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.49 (s, 1H), 4.35-3.97 (m, 4H), 3.45-3.34 (m, 4H), 2.68-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.4, 3H).

Example 143 4-Butyl-6-(3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.20; m/z found, 262.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.76 (s, 1H), 4.44-3.71 (m, 4H), 3.22-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.56 (m, 3H), 1.43-1.29 (m, 2H), 0.96-0.89 (m, 3H).

Example 144 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-propyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=4.6, 3H), 2.58-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.36 (m, 7H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.61 (m, 2H), 0.99-0.92 (m, 3H).

Example 145 4-(cis-5-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-propyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅, 261.20; m/z found, 262.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.62 (s, 1H), 4.68 (s, 2H), 3.68-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.32 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.37 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.61 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4, 3H).

Example 146 4-Isobutyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅, 249.20; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.77 (s, 1H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 3.62-3.56 (m, 4H), 2.47-2.42 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 1H), 2.28 (s, 1H), 2.04-1.96 (m, 1H), 0.92 (d, J=6.6, 6H).

Example 147 4-Isobutyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.95 (s, 1H), 3.63-3.58 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.32-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 1H), 2.28 (s, 1H), 2.06-1.95 (m, 1H), 0.92 (d, J=6.6, 6H).

Example 148 (R)-4-Isobutyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅, 249.20; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.56 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.09 (m, 5H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 1H), 2.27 (s, 1H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.99 (m, 1H), 0.92 (d, J=6.6, 6H).

Example 149 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-isobutyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅, 235.18; m/z found, 236.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.15 (s, 0.7H), 6.14 (s, 0.3H), 4.18-3.64 (m, 5H), 2.50 (s, 1H), 2.48 (s, 1H), 2.34-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.00 (d, J=6.6, 6H).

Example 150 (S)-4-Ethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅, 221.16; m/z found, 222.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.61 (s, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.12 (m, 5H), 2.55-2.41 (m, 5H), 2.22-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.15 (t, J=7.3, 3H).

Example 151 (R)-4-Adamantan-1-yl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₉N₅, 327.24; m/z found, 328.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.92 (s, 1H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 3.71-3.17 (m, 5H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.92 (m, 6H), 1.81-1.72 (m, 6H), 1.38 (s, 1H), 1.15 (s, 1H).

Example 152 4-Adamantan-1-yl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₉N₅, 327.24; m/z found, 328.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.88 (s, 1H), 4.74 (s, 2H), 3.60 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.45 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.34-2.31 (m, 3H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.88 (m, 6H), 1.79-1.69 (m, 6H), 1.38 (s, 1H), 1.12 (s, 1H).

Example 153 4-(4-Methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.2; m/z found, [M+H]⁺.=278.2. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.87 (s, 1H), 4.79 (br s, 2H), 3.76-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.50 (m, 6H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.23 (s, 3H). The free base was treated with HCl (4 M in 1,4-dioxane; 2 equiv.) in CH₂Cl₂ to provide the bis-HCl salt (227 mg) as a white solid.

Example 154 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅O, 291.2; m/z found, 292.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.89 (s, 1H), 4.80-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 5H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.58 (br m, 3H), 1.23 (s, 3H).

Example 155 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅, 291.2; m/z found, 292.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.66 (s, 1H), 4.66 (br s, 2H), 3.79-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.22-2.12 (m, 3H), 1.90-1.78 (1H), 1.68-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.22 (s, 3H).

Example 156 4-(trans-2-Phenyl-cyclopropyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₁N₅, 295.2; m/z found, 296.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 3H), 5.86 (s, 1H), 4.79 (br s, 2H), 3.56-3.52 (m, 4H), 2.90-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.31 (m, 1H).

Example 157 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(trans-2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₁N₅, 295.2; m/z found, 296.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 3H), 5.62 (s, 1H), 5.29-5.19 (br s, 2H), 3.78-3.34 (4H), 3.30-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.62-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.07 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.33 (m, 1H).

Example 158 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(trans-2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₃N₅, 309.2; m/z found, 310.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.30-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.09 (m, 3H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 4.64 (br s, 2H), 3.63-3.55 (m, 4H), 2.51-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.30 (m, 1H).

Example 159 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-(trans-2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₉N₅, 269.2; m/z found, 270.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 7.30-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.18 (m, 3H), 5.97 (s, 1H), 3.75 (t, J=5.8, 2H), 3.32-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.21 (t, J=5.8, 2H), 2.56-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.60 (m, 2H).

Example 160 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(trans-2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₃N₅, 309.2; m/z found, 310.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.30-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 3H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 4.61 (br s, 2H), 3.77-3.10 (br m, 5H), 2.46 (m, 4H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.28 (m, 1H).

Example 161 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-indan-2-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine salt

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₁₉N₅, 281.2; m/z found, 282.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.00 (s, 1H), 4.60-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.19 (m, 3H), 3.65-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.13 (m, 2H).

Example 162 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-indan-2-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₁N₅, 295.2; m/z found, 296.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.24-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.00-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.63 (s, 1H), 3.74-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.52 (m, 3H), 3.38-3.27 (m, 3H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 3H), 2.19-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.70 (m, 1H).

Example 163 4-Indan-2-yl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₃N₅, 309.2; m/z found, 310.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.23-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.13 (m, 2H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 4.76 (br s, 2H), 3.60-3.57 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.14 (m, 4H), 2.45-2.42 (m, 4H), 2.32 (s, 3H).

Example 164 (R)-4-Indan-2-yl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₃N₅, 309.2; m/z found, 310.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.23-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.13 (m, 2H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 4.72 (br s, 2H), 3.71-3.36 (br m, 4H), 3.33-3.14 (m, 6H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 165 4-Indan-2-yl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₁N₅, 295.2; m/z found, 296.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.23-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.13 (m, 2H), 5.87 (s, 1H), 5.16 (br s, 2H), 3.57-3.46 (m, 5H), 3.33-3.15 (m, 4H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 4H).

Example 166 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-benzyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₇N₅, 255.2; m/z found, 256.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.33-7.19 (m, 5H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 4.83 (br s, 2H), 4.25-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 3.61-3.57 (m, 2H).

Example 167 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-benzyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₉N₅, 269.2; m/z found, 270.12 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.34-7.21 (m, 5H), 5.72 (br s, 2H), 5.45 (s, 1H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.71-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.60-2.84 (br m, 5H), 2.21-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.63 (m, 1H).

Example 168 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-indan-2-yl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₉N₅, 269.2; m/z found, 270.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 8.49 (s, 2H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 3.67 (t, J=5.7, 2H), 3.59-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.06 (m, 4H).

Example 169 (R)-4-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₁N₅O, 311.2; m/z found, 312.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 170 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-(4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅O, 303.2; m/z found, 304.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 171 4-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₁₉N₅O, 297.2; m/z found, 298.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 172 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₇N₅O, 283.2; m/z found, 284.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 173 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-indan-2-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₉H₂₃N₅, 321.2; m/z found, 322.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 174 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.2; m/z found, 278.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 175 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.17; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 5.78 (s, 1H), 4.05-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.59 (br m, 3H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 3H), 2.67-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.70 (m, 4H).

Example 176 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 177 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-N⁴-methyl-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.2; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 178 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-phenethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₁N₅, 283.2; m/z found, 284.2 [M+H]⁺=284.2. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.29-7.15 (m, 5H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 5.04 (br s, 2H), 3.75-3.05 (br m, 5H), 2.97 (dd, J=12.9, 6.3, 2H), 2.74 (app dd, J=9.5, 6.7, 2H), 2.13 (dt, J=12.8, 6.4, 2H), 1.80-1.51 (br m, 3H).

Example 179 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-phenethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₃N₅, 297.2; m/z found, 298.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.30-7.15 (m, 5H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 4.81 (br s, 2H), 3.59-3.55 (m, 4H), 2.96 (dd, J=9.6, 6.6, 2H), 2.74 (dd, J=9.5, 6.7, 2H), 2.44-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H).

Example 180 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-phenethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₃N₅, 297.20; m/z found, 298.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.30-7.15 (m, 5H), 5.55 (s, 1H), 4.93 (br s, 2H), 3.80-3.10 (br m, 5H), 2.98-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.13 (dt, J=12.9, 6.3, 1H), 1.84-1.74 (m, 1H).

Example 181 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₈F₃N₅, 289.15; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.03 (s, 1H), 3.67-3.59 (m, 3H), 2.66 (dd, J=10.3, 6.2, 2H), 2.57-2.43 (m, 6H), 2.31 (s, 3H).

Example 182 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₆F₃N₅, 275.14; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.04 (s, 1H), 3.67-3.62 (m, 4H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.67 (dd, J=10.2, 6.2, 2H), 2.58-2.43 (m, 2H).

Example 183 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₈F₃N₅, 289.15; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.78 (s, 1H), 3.71-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.65 (dd, J=10.3, 6.1, 2H), 2.57-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.20 (dtd, J=13.2, 5.5, 1H), 1.94-1.80 (m, 1H).

Example 184 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₆F₃N₅, 275.14; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.78 (s, 1H), 3.71-3.55 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.66 (dd, J=10.2, 6.2, 2H), 2.57-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 185 4-Cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅O, 291.2; m/z found, 292.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.8-3.7 (m, 4H), 3.6 (s, 3H), 3.5-3.4 (m, 1H), 2.6-2.6 (m, 4H), 2.4 (s, 3H), 1.9-1.8 (m, 4H), 1.8-1.6 (m, 4H)

Example 186 4-Cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.1; m/z found, 278.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.7-3.6 (m, 4H), 3.6 (s, 3H), 3.5-3.4 (m, 1H), 3.0-2.8 (m, 4H), 1.9-1.6 (m, 8H).

Example 187 (R)-4-Cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₅N₅O, 291.2; m/z found, 292.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 3.83 (dd, J=11.7, 6.3, 1H), 3.80-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 3.48 (dd, J=11.6, 5.4, 1H), 3.43-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.62 (m, 9H).

Example 188 (R,R)-4-Cyclopentyl-5-methoxy-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₇N₅O, 317.2; m/z found, 318.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 4.34-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.12-3.82 (m, 3H), 3.75-3.68 (m, 3H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.59 (m, 11H).

Example 189 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-N⁴-methyl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.71 (s, 1H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 4.19-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.88-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.04 (m, 2H).

Example 190 4-(cis-Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₃N₅O, 289.2; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.66 (s, 1H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 4.11-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.28 (m, 5H), 3.28-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.03-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.18 (m, 3H), 2.18-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.43 (m, 1H).

Example 191 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.2; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.64 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 2H), 4.15-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.14 (m, 6H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.94-1.43 (m, 2H).

Example 192 4-[1,4]Diazepan-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.2; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.77 (s, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.09-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.24-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.78 (m, 2H).

The compounds in Examples 193-194 were obtained by chiral HPLC separation of the enantiomers of Example 56 (column, ADH; eluent, 95% (hexanes/0.2% TEA)/5% [(1:1 MeOH/EtOH)/0.2% TEA].

Example 193 (−)-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

[α]²⁵ _(D)−9.0° (c 1.00, CH₃OH). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅O, 249.2; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.86 (s, 1H), 5.80-4.99 (m, 3H), 4.06-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.54 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.33-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.05 (m, 1H).

Example 194 (+)-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

[α]²⁵ _(D)+8.6° (c 1.00, CH₃OH). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₉N₅O, 249.2; m/z found, 250.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.86 (s, 1H), 5.80-4.99 (m, 3H), 4.06-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.54 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.33-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.05 (m, 1H).

Example 195 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅O, 223.1; m/z found, 224.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.95 (br s, 1H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 5.37 (s, 2H), 4.06-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 2H), 3.23-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.89 (t, J=5.8, 2H), 2.28-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.81 (br s, 2H).

Example 196 N⁴-(3-Amino-propyl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.83 (s, 1H), 4.68-4.42 (m, 5H), 4.07-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.47 (t, J=5.9, 2H), 3.26-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.94 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 2.35-2.22 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.99-1.86 (m, 2H).

Example 197 N⁴-Methyl-N⁴-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.2; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.79 (s, 1H), 5.36 (br s, 2H), 4.08-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.62 (t, J=6.3, 2H), 3.25-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.78 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.57 (s, 1H).

Example 198 N⁴-(2-Methylamino-ethyl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.79 (s, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 4.09-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.56 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 3.26-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.89 (t, J=6.6, 2H), 2.28-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.44 (br s, 2H).

Example 199 5-Fluoro-4-methyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₆FN₅, 225.1; m/z found, 226.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 4.76 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.68 (m, 4H), 2.48-2.44 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.21 (d, J=3.5, 3H).

Example 200 5-Fluoro-4-methyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₁₈FN₅, 251.2; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.05 (s, 2H), 3.78-3.56 (m, 5H), 3.40-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.24 (m, 1H), 2.17 (d, J=3.4, 3H), 1.81-1.43 (m, 4H).

Example 201 5-Fluoro-4-methyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₉H₁₄FN₅, 211.1; m/z found, 212.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 4.03-3.94 (m, 3H), 3.75-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.04-2.79 (m, 4H), 2.27-2.11 (m, 3H).

Example 202 (R)-5-Fluoro-4-methyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₆FN₅, 225.1; m/z found, 226.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.37 (s, 2H), 3.78-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.15 (d, J=3.3, 3H), 2.10-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.48 (s, 1H).

Example 203 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-5-fluoro-6,N⁴-dimethyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₈H₁₄FN₅, 199.1; m/z found, 200.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 4.92 (s, 2H), 3.56 (t, J=6.3, 2H), 3.13 (d, J=2.9, 3H), 2.92 (t, J=6.6, 2H), 2.19 (d, J=3.6, 3H), 1.41 (br s, 2H).

Example 204 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₈N₆, 270.2; m/z found, 271.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.44 (dd, J=4.5, 1.6, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=6.1, 2H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 4.71 (br s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.56 (m, 4H), 2.90-2.85 (m, 4H).

Example 205 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₀N₆, 284.2; m/z found, 285.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.49 (dd, J=4.5, 1.6, 2H), 7.18 (d, J=6.0, 2H), 5.52 (s, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 3.67-3.37 (m, 3H), 3.37-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.80 (br s, 2H).

Example 206 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₂₀N₆, 284.2; m/z found, 285.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.51 (dd, J=4.4, 1.6, 2H), 7.20-7.17 (m, 2H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.59-3.53 (m, 4H), 2.44-2.39 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H).

Example 207 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₉N₅S, 289.1; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.24 (dd, J=4.9, 3.0, 1H), 7.05-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J=4.9, 1.2, 1H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.57-3.51 (m, 4H), 2.42-2.37 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H).

Example 208 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₉N₅S, 289.1; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.21 (dd, J=4.9, 3.0, 1H), 7.03-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J=4.9, 1.2, 1H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 5.47 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.63-3.32 (m, 4H), 3.29-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.09-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.67 (m, 1H).

Example 209 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₁₇N₅S, 275.1; m/z found, 276.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.30-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=4.5, 1H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 4.44-4.29 (m, 3H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 3.57-3.49 (m, 4H), 2.94-2.80 (m, 4H).

Example 210 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₁₇N₅S, 275.1; m/z found, 276.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.26-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=4.6, 1H), 5.52 (s, 1H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 3.65-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.53-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.19-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.42 (m, 2H).

Example 211 4-(cis-Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-6-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₁N₅S, 315.2; m/z found, 316.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.24 (dd, J=4.9, 3.0, 1H), 7.07-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=4.7, 1H), 5.58-5.47 (m, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 3.67-3.06 (m, 6H), 3.01-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.52 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.41 (m, 1H).

Example 212 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₅N₅S, 249.1; m/z found, 250.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.23 (dd, J=4.9, 3.0, 1H), 7.04-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=4.9, 1.15, 1H), 5.94-5.67 (m, 1H), 5.52 (s, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.33-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=5.8, 2H), 1.72-1.58 (m, 2H).

Example 213 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₉N₅S, 289.1; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.13 (dd, J=5.1, 1.2, 1H), 6.90 (dd, J=5.1, 3.4, 1H), 6.88-6.85 (m, 1H), 5.79 (s, 1H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.50 (m, 4H), 2.38-2.34 (m, 4H), 2.26 (s, 3H).

Example 214 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₉N₅S, 289.1; m/z found, 290.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.11 (dd, J=5.1, 1.2, 1H), 6.89 (dd, J=5.1, 3.4, 1H), 6.87-6.85 (m, 1H), 5.56 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 3.74-2.64 (m, 6H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.08-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.66 (m, 1H).

Example 215 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₁₇N₅S, 275.1; m/z found, 276.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.18 (dd, J=5.1, 1.2, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=5.1, 3.4, 1H), 6.91-6.89 (m, 1H), 5.85 (s, 1H), 4.57 (s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.51 (m, 4H), 2.86-2.82 (m, 4H).

Example 216 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₁₇N₅S, 275.1; m/z found, 276.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.13 (dd, J=5.1, 1.2, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J=5.1, 3.4, 1H), 6.88-6.86 (m, 1H), 5.57 (s, 1H), 5.39 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 3.85-3.01 (m, 6H), 2.15-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.23 (m, 2H).

Example 217 4-(cis-Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-6-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₁N₅S, 315.2; m/z found, 316.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.14 (dd, J=5.1, 1.1, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=5.0, 3.5, 1H), 6.89-6.87 (m, 1H), 5.64-5.54 (m, 1H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.66-3.08 (m, 5H), 3.02-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.49-1.40 (m, 1H).

Example 218 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₅N₅S, 249.1; m/z found, 250.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.19 (dd, J=5.1, 1.1, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J=5.1, 3.5, 1H), 6.90-6.88 (m, 1H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 4.76 (s, 5H), 3.89 (s, 2H), 3.41-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=6.0, 2H).

Example 219 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₈H₁₅N₅O, 197.1; m/z found, 198.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 220 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₉H₁₅N₅O, 209.1; m/z found, 210.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.77 (s, 1H), 4.25 (t, J=8.2, 2H), 4.18-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.95-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H).

Example 221 (R)-4-Methoxymethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.92 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.44 (m, 3H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.38-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 222 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅O, 223.1; m/z found, 224.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.10 (s, 1H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.99 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.57 (m, 3H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 2.53-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.09 (m, 1H).

Example 223 4-Methoxymethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.15 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 2.51-2.41 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H).

Example 224 4-Methoxymethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₇N₅O, 223.1; m/z found, 224.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.13 (s, 1H), 4.19 (s, 2H), 3.64-3.55 (m, 4H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 2.89-2.79 (m, 4H).

Example 225 (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.2; m/z found, 238.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.17 (s, 1H), 4.31-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 4.15-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.36 (m, 2H).

Example 226 (R,R)-4-Methoxymethyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.2; m/z found, 264.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.94 (s, 1H), 4.19 (s, 2H), 3.72-3.47 (m, 3H), 3.42 (s, 4H), 3.01-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.46 (m, 1H).

Example 227 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.2; m/z found, 278.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.90 (s, 1H), 4.75 (br s, 2H), 4.21 (app p, J=6.4, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J=14.6, 7.2, 1H), 3.74 (dd, J=14.2, 7.9, 1H), 3.60 (t, J=5.0, 4H), 2.64 (dq, J=13.6, 6.4, 2H), 2.42 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 2.05-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.52 (m, 1H).

Example 228 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₃N₅O, 277.2; m/z found, 278.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.70 (s, 1H), 4.75 (br s, 2H), 4.20 (app p, J=6.4, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=14.6, 7.2, 1H), 3.72 (dd, J=14.2, 7.9, 1H), 3.70-3.20 (m, 5H), 2.64 (ddd, J=19.0, 13.5, 6.5, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.63-1.52 (m, 1H).

Example 229 4-(cis-5-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅O, 303.2; m/z found, 304.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.70 (s, 1H), 4.80 (br s, 2H), 4.20 (app p, J=6.4, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J=14.2, 7.7, 1H), 3.72 (dd, J=14.2, 7.9, 1H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.55 (m, 3H), 2.42-2.40 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.05-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.63-1.52 (m, 1H).

Example 230 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.2; m/z found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.90 (s, 1H), 4.72 (br s, 2H), 4.22 (app p, J=6.4, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J=14.6, 7.2, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J=14.2, 7.9, 1H), 3.55 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.90 (t, J=5.1, 4H), 2.63 (dq, J=13.6, 6.4, 2H), 2.05-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.63-1.55 (m, 1H).

Example 231 4-(cis-Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₅N₅O, 303.2; m/z found, 304.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.70 (br s, 1H), 4.75 (br s, 2H), 4.22 (app p, J=6.4, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J=14.6, 7.2, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J=14.2, 7.9, 1H), 3.55-3.30 (m, 5H), 2.99 (td, J=11.8, 3.4, 1H), 2.70-2.58 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.40 (m, 8H).

Example 232 4-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₀ClN₅, 317.1; m/z found, 318.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.29-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 2H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.57-3.52 (m, 4H), 2.43-2.39 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.85 (m, 2H)

Example 233 4-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₈ClN₅, 303.13; m/z found, 304.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 7.42-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.39-3.33 (m, 4H)

Example 234 (R)-4-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₀ClN₅, 317.1; m/z found, 318.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 7.30-7.19 (m, 4H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 3.69-3.32 (m, 5H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.80 (m, 1H).

Example 235 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(4-chloro-benzyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₈ClN₅, 303.79; m/z found, 304.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 236 4-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₂ClN₅, 343.14; m/z found, 344.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 237 4-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₇H₂₀ClN₅, 329.14; m/z found, 330.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 238 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-(4-chloro-benzyl)-N⁴-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₈ClN₅, 291.13; m/z found, 292.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 239 4-Ethyoxymethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.3; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.53 (s, 1H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.46-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.64 (q, J=7.0, 2H), 3.47-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, J=7.0, 3H).

Example 240 4-Ethoxymethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.3; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.40-3.91 (m, 4H), 3.64 (q, J=7.0, 2H), 3.60 (m, 4H), 1.27 (t, J=7.0, 3H).

Example 241 (R)-Ethoxymethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.3; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.22 (s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 4.03-3.88 (m, 3H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 0.5H), 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.39 (m, 0.5H), 2.79 (m, 3H), 2.61-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.28 (t, J=7.0, 3H).

Example 242 (R)-Ethoxymethyl-6-(3-amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₉N₅O, 237.3; m/z found, 238.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.27 (m, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.65 (q, J=7.0, 2H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.28 (m, 1H), 1.28 (t, J=7.0, 3H).

Example 243 Isopropoxymethyl-6-((R)-3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅O, 265.4; m/z found, 266.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.27 (m, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.00 (m, 3H), 3.79 (m, 3H), 3.66 (s, 2H), 2.79 (m, 3H), 2.63-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.25 (m, 6H).

Example 244 4-Isopropoxymethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.3; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 5.94 (s, 1H), 4.23 (s, 2H), 3.68 (quintet, J=6.1, 1H), 3.62 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.25-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.21 (m, 6H).

Example 245 (R)-Isopropoxymethyl-6-(3-amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₂H₂₁N₅O, 251.3; m/z found, 252.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.24 (s, 2H), 3.68 (quintet, J=6.1, 1H), 3.66-3.58 (m, 4H), 3.49-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.82 (m, 4H), 1.23 (m, 6H).

Example 246 4-Isopropoxymethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

To a solution of 2-amino-6-isopropoxymethyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one (0.050 g, 0.27 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.37 mL) was added benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (0.157 g, 0.355 mmol), DBU (0.82 mL, 0.55 mmol), and 1-methyl-piperazine (0.091 ml, 0.82 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h, then at 60° C. for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated and the resultant residue was purified (2 M NH₃ in MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to yield a white solid (10 mg, 14%). MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₃N₅O, 265.4; m/z found, 266.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (MeOD): 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.78 (quintet, J=6.1, 1H), 3.70-3.00 (m, 8H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 1.25 (d, J=6.1, 6H).

Example 247 4-Phenethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₆H₂₁N₅, 283.18; m/z found, 284.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 248 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-phenethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₅H₁₉N₅, 269.16. Found, 270.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 249 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₃H₂₁N₅O, 263.17. Found, 264.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 250 N⁴-(2-Amino-ethyl)-6-benzyl-N⁴-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₁₉N₅, 257.1. Found, 258.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 251 4-Indan-2-yl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₂₀H₂₅N₅, 335.21. Found, 336.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 252 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₀H₁₅N₅O, 221.1; m/z found, 222.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 253 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₁H₁₇N₅, 219.2; m/z found, 220.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 254 4-(cis-5-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₄H₂₁N₅O, 275.2; m/z found, 276.3 [M+H].

The compounds in Examples 255-256 were obtained by preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) of Example 160 by preparative HPLC using a Kromasil Cellucoat 5 micron 250×21.2 (L×I.D.) column, a mobile phase of 15% MeOH with 0.2% isopropylamine and 85% CO₂, a flow rate of 40 mL/min, and a back pressure of 150 bar.

Example 255 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(trans-2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (diastereomer 1)

SFC: R_(t)=19.9 min. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₃N₅, 309.20. Found, 310.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 256 (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(trans-2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (diastereomer 2)

SFC: R_(t)=23.0 min. MS (ESI): mass calcd. for C₁₈H₂₃N₅, 309.20. Found, 310.2 [M+H]⁺.

The compounds in Examples 257-258 were obtained by preparative supercritical fluid chromatography of Example 84 using a Chiralpak AD-H 250×21 mm (L×I.D.) column at 25° C., a mobile phase of 6.25 mL/min MeOH with 0.2% TEA and 25 g/min CO₂, a back pressure of 150 bar, and UV detection at 214 nm.

Example 257 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-1,7-diaza-spiro[4.4]non-7-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (enantiomer 1)

Example 258 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-1,7-diaza-spiro[4.4]non-7-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (enantiomer 2)

The compounds in Examples 259-280 may be prepared using methods analogous to those described for the preceding examples.

Example 259 (R)-4-Isopropoxymethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 260 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-isopropoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 261 4-Isopropoxymethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 262 4-Isopropoxymethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 263 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-isopropoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 264 4-Isopropoxymethyl-6-(8-methyl-3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 265 (R)-4-Cyclopropoxymethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 266 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopropoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 267 4-Cyclopropoxymethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 268 4-Cyclopropoxymethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 269 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopropoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 270 4-Cyclopropoxymethyl-6-(8-methyl-3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 271 (R)-4-tert-Butoxymethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 272 (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-tert-butoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 273 4-tert-Butoxymethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 274 4-tert-Butoxymethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 275 4-(3-Amino-azetidin-1-yl)-6-tert-butoxymethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 276 4-tert-Butoxymethyl-6-(8-methyl-3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 277 4-Ethyl-6-(8-methyl-3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 278 4-(8-Methyl-3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-6-propyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 279 4-Isopropyl-6-(8-methyl-3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 280 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(8-methyl-3,8-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Example 281 Crystal Forms

Bis hydrochloride salts of compounds of Formula (I) were dissolved in methanol (40 mg/mL concentration) and aliquots (125 μL) were dispensed into 96-well plates. The aliquots were evaporated to leave a 5 mg sample of compound in each well. An aliquot (400 μL) of a polar or a non-polar solvent, neat or as a mixture (1:1 or 2.25:1), were added to each well. Plates were covered, sonicated, and heated to 40° C. for 15 min. Solvents were allowed to evaporate. Residual solids were analyzed for crystallinity. Crystalline forms were obtained from polar solvents, including methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, and 2-butanone, and aqueous mixtures thereof, and from mixtures of polar solvents, including mixtures of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, 2-butanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, and 2-butanone. Crystalline forms were obtained from non-polar solvents, including heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, chlorobenzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, isobutyl acetate, and toluene, and from mixtures of non-polar solvents, including mixtures of methyl tert-butyl ether, isobutyl acetate, toluene, dichlorobenzene, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, pentane, THF, chloroform, and chlorobenzene.

Binding Assay on Recombinant Human Histamine H₄ Receptor.

Cell pellets from SK-N-MC cells stably or transiently transfected with human H₄ receptor were used for the binding assays. Cell pellets were homogenized in 50 mM Tris/5 mM EDTA buffer and supernatants from an 800 g spin were collected and recentrifuged at 30,000 g for 30 min. Pellets were rehomogenized in 50 mM Tris/5 mM EDTA buffer. For competition binding studies, cell membranes were incubated with 2×K_(D) (10 nM), [³H]histamine (Specific activity: 23 C_(i)/mmol), with or without test compounds for 45 min at 25° C. Compounds were tested in free base, hydrochloride salt, or trifluoroacetic acid form. Nonspecific binding was defined with 100 μM cold histamine. K values were calculated based on an experimentally determined appropriate K_(D) values according to Cheng and Prusoff (Biochem. Pharmacol. 1973, 22(23):3099-3108). Membranes were harvested by rapid filtration using the 96 well Brandel system or a cell harvester using a Whatman GF/C filter or filter plates treated with 0.5% polyethylenimine (PEI), and washed 4 times with ice-cold 50 mM Tris/5 mM EDTA buffer. Filters were then dried, mixed with scintillant and radioactive counts were determined. Results for the compounds tested in theses assays are presented in Tables 1 and 2 as an average of results obtained (NT=not tested). Data marked with an asterisk (*) were obtained by the cell harvester method. Where activity is shown as greater than (>) a particular value, the value is the highest concentration tested.

TABLE 1 Ex. K_(i) (nM) 1 1 2 1 3 257 4 1 5 30 6 6 7 2 8 3 9 820 10 159 11 12 12 18 13 631 14 673 15 692 16 65 17 59 18 17 19 8 20 18 21 29 22 18 23 77 24 49 25 286 26 177 27 >10000 28 357 29 >10000 30 530 31 249 32 >10000 33 10 34 6 35 21 36 21 37 27 38 559 39 10 40 8 41 28 42 18 43 2 44 1 45 103 46 2 47 11 48 328 49 50 50 3 51 3 52 3 53 3 54 2 55 1 56 20 57 27 58 41 59 29 60 31 61 24 62 30 63 21 64 36 65 47 66 4 67 17 68 115 69 43 70 404 71 5 72 14 73 >10000 74 76 75 159

TABLE 2 Ex. Ki (nM) 80 1 81 2 82 25 83 3 84 11 85 6 86 56 87 328 88 520 89 19 90 14 91 84 92 281 93 481 94 497 95 8* 96 35 97 20 98 298 99 214 100 262 101 30 102 181 103 22* 104 96* 105 103 106 39* 107 104 108 84 109 517* 110 80 111 33 112 46 113 136 114 71 115 1431* 116 64 117 42 118 242 119 153 120 113 121 3 122 22 123 4 124 >10000 125 7 126 23 127 9 128 19 129 46 130 8 131 412* 132 356* 133 238* 134 130 135 4 136 1 137 2 138 44 139 138 140 397 141 84 142 3 143 13 144 6 145 117 146 3 147 4 148 1 149 3 150 85 151 2 152 6 153 97 154 49 155 82 156 12 157 29 158 8 159 42 160 3 161 24 162 5 163 2 164 4 165 2 166 52 167 78 168 46 169 396 170 5891 171 106 172 932 173 2071 174 138 175 85 176 335 177 1030 178 9 179 6 180 8 181 8 182 20 183 16 184 13 185 300 186 213 187 10 188 18 189 6 190 11 191 12 192 17 193 31 194 49 195 59 196 203 197 204 198 2450 199 69 200 235 201 391 202 515 203 4230 204 45 205 230 206 81 207 2 208 8 209 2 210 12 211 4 212 12 213 4 214 19 215 6 216 32 217 9 218 20 219 890 220 NT 221 43 222 23 223 15 224 26 225 464 226 14 227 17 228 91 229 360 230 25 231 59 232 8 233 12 234 18 235 140 236 249 237 257 238 1769 239 29 240 25 241 31 242 22 243 NT 244 NT 245 NT 246 32 247 3 248 9 249 87 250 564* 251 20* 252 >10000 253 >10000 254 >10000 255 34 256 5 257 31 258 34

While the invention has been illustrated by reference to examples, it is understood that the invention is intended not to be limited to the foregoing detailed description. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I):

wherein R¹ is C₁₋₄alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, benzyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or tetrahydropyranyl; R² is H or methyl; —N(R³)R⁴ is one of the following moieties:

where q is 0 or 1; R³ and R⁴ are taken together as defined by the structure of each one of such moieties; R^(a) is H or OH; and R^(b) and R^(c) are each independently H or C₁₋₃alkyl; with the proviso that when R¹ is methyl, —N(R³)R⁴ is one of the following moieties:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of Formula (I).
 2. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein R¹ is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, or tetrahydropyran-4-yl.
 3. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein R¹ is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
 4. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein R² is H.
 5. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein —N(R³)R⁴ is:

where q is
 0. 6. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein —N(R³)R⁴ is:


7. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein —N(R³)R⁴ is:


8. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein —N(R³)R⁴ is:


9. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein —N(R³)R⁴ is:


10. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein —N(R³)R⁴ is:


11. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein R^(a) is H.
 12. A chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein R^(b) and R^(c) are each independently H or methyl.
 13. An chemical entity selected from: 4-Cyclopentyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Cyclopentyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; trans-1-(2-Amino-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylamino-pyrrolidin-3-ol; 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Isopropyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (S)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Isopropyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; trans-1-(2-Amino-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylamino-pyrrolidin-3-ol; (S,S)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3, 4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Methyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Methyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4,5-Dimethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (S,S)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Ethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-(4-Ethyl-6-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Ethyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-(4-Ethyl-6-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-(4-Cyclopropyl-6-3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-cyclobutyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Cyclobutyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-(4-Cyclobutyl-6-cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclohexyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-(4-Cyclohexyl-6-3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclohexyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-Cyclohexyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-(Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Benzyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Benzyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-Benzyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-Benzyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-tert-Butyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-tert-Butyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-tert-Butyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-tert-Butyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 14. An chemical entity as in claim 1, wherein said chemical entity is a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound of Formula (I).
 15. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease, disorder, or medical condition mediated by histamine H₄ receptor activity, comprising an effective amount of at least one chemical entity selected from compounds of Formula (I):

wherein R¹ is C₁₋₄alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, benzyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or tetrahydropyranyl; R² is H or methyl; —N(R³)R⁴ is one of the following moieties:

where q is 0 or 1; R³ and R⁴ are taken together as defined by the structure of each one of such moieties; R^(a) is H or OH; and R^(b) and R^(c) are each independently H or C₁₋₃alkyl; with the proviso that when R¹ is methyl, —N(R³)R⁴ is one of the following moieties:

pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (I).
 16. A pharmaceutical composition as in claim 15, wherein said chemical entity is selected from: 4-Cyclopentyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Cyclopentyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; trans-1-(2-Amino-6-cyclopentyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylamino-pyrrolidin-3-ol; 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopentyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Isopropyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (S)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Isopropyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; trans-1-(2-Amino-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylamino-pyrrolidin-3-ol; (S,S)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-(Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-6-isopropyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-Isopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Methyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Methyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4,5-Dimethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(cis-Hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4,5-Dimethyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (S,S)-4-(2,5-Diaza-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Ethyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-(4-Ethyl-6-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Ethyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-(4-Ethyl-6-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-(4-Cyclopropyl-6-3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclopropyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-6-cyclobutyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-Cyclobutyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclobutyl-6-(cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-(4-Cyclobutyl-6-cis-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclohexyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-(4-Cyclohexyl-6-3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Cyclohexyl-6-(cis-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-Cyclohexyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-(3-Methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-(Octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Benzyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-Benzyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-Benzyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-Benzyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-tert-Butyl-6-piperazin-1-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; 4-tert-Butyl-6-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R)-4-tert-Butyl-6-(3-methylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; (R,R)-4-tert-Butyl-6-(octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 